{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:31:03Z","timestamp":1781191863999,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xiaolongtan Mining Area Surface Deformation Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring Project","award":["K207005220047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K207005220047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Buzhaoba open-pit mine is an important lignite production base in Yunnan Province, China. As mining activities have continued to progress, varying degrees of deformation have occurred in different areas of the Buzhaoba open-pit mine, threatening normal coal production and mine safety. To comprehensively investigate the characteristics of surface deformation and its influencing factors at the Buzhaoba open-pit mine, this study employed the following methods: first, the SBAS-InSAR technique was used to process 86 Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbit remote sensing images from 2020 to 2023, obtaining LOS surface deformation information for the mining area; second, leveling observation data were used to validate the accuracy of the SBAS-InSAR results, and based on the principle of two-dimensional deformation decomposition, the east\u2013west and vertical surface deformation information of the mining area was obtained; finally, the temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of the Buzhaoba open-pit mine were analyzed. The study results indicate that (1) the maximum LOS surface deformation rates in the ascending and descending orbits of the mining area were \u221242.1 mm\/a and \u2212114.0 mm\/a, respectively; (2) the correlation coefficient between the SBAS-InSAR monitoring results and the leveling observation results was 0.938, confirming the reliability of the SBAS-InSAR monitoring results; (3) the maximum east\u2013west and vertical deformation rates obtained from the two-dimensional deformation decomposition were \u2212103.4 mm\/a and \u2212189.2 mm\/a, respectively, with the surface deformation in the east\u2013west direction being more pronounced; (4) internal factors such as stratigraphic lithology and geological structures, as well as atmospheric rainfall, have a certain degree of influence on the surface deformation of the Buzhaoba open-pit mine. Therefore, the research results of this study can provide important data support and theoretical references for safety management and disaster prevention in the mining area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T03:53:14Z","timestamp":1731383594000},"page":"4177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Monitoring and Analysis of Surface Deformation in the Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine Based on SBAS-InSAR Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of China-Laos-Bangladesh-Myanmar Natural Resources Remote Sensing Monitoring, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Domestic High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Geological Engineering, Universities in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of China-Laos-Bangladesh-Myanmar Natural Resources Remote Sensing Monitoring, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingshuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Xiaolongtan Mining Bureau Co., Ltd., Kaiyuan 661600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"102217","article-title":"Monitoring active open-pit mine stability in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany using a coherence-based SBAS method","volume":"93","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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