{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:14:58Z","timestamp":1774512898638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["National Recovery and Resilience Plan\u2014NRPP, M4.C2.1.1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Recovery and Resilience Plan\u2014NRPP, M4.C2.1.1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project 2022PB2NSP_002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project 2022PB2NSP_002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP B53D23017980006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B53D23017980006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rill erosion is a major issue on a global scale, and predicting the presence, position, and development of erosive forms on hillslopes is a significant challenge for the scientific community. Several plot-scale investigations confirmed the reliability of the terrestrial photogrammetric (TP) technique for studying rill erosion and the reliability of a method for extracting the rill network from Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and measuring the corresponding volume. In this paper, for an intense erosive event that occurred at the Sparacia experimental area (Sicily, Southern Italy), TP surveys of three plots, with different length and steepness, incised by rills, were performed to reconstruct the DSMs. For each plot, the rill network was extracted from the DSMs, and the non-contributing network was distinguished from the contributing one, from which the soil loss and the consequent eroded volumes V were determined. The specific aims were to (i) establish the effect of plot steepness on rill depths and some morphometric characteristics of the drainage rill network; (ii) test and calibrate the relationship between V and the total rill length L, using all rill measurements available in the literature and those obtained in this study; and (iii) modify the V\u2013L relationship by including climate forcing and assessing the related performance. The rill depths, h, the drainage frequency, and drainage density of the rill networks detected in the three plots were compared. The analysis demonstrated that h and the morphometric parameters of the contributing rill network increase with plot steepness s. In particular, the mean depth increases from 2.79 to 4.85 cm for slope increasing from 14.9 to 26%. Moreover, the drainage frequency of the contributing rill network varies from 0.16 m\u22122 for s = 14.9% to 0.47 m\u22122 for s = 26%, while the drainage density of the contributing rill network varies from 0.92 m\u22121 for s = 14.9% to 2.1 m\u22121 for s = 26%. Finally, using the data available in the literature and those obtained in this investigation, an empirical relationship between V and the total rill length L was firstly tested and then rearranged considering the event rainfall erosivity Re. Including Re in the rearranged equation guaranteed the best performance in V estimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:28:12Z","timestamp":1731497292000},"page":"4232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Terrestrial Photogrammetry\u2013GIS Methodology for Measuring Rill Erosion at the Sparacia Experimental Area, Sicily"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Palmeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Nicosia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5195-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Pampalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3020-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2022.104092","article-title":"Rill flow velocity and resistance law: A review","volume":"231","author":"Nicosia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. 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