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Project","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Characterizing Management Units (MUs) with tree-level data is instrumental for a comprehensive understanding of forest structure and for providing information needed to support forest management decision-making. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data may enhance this characterization. While some studies rely on Individual Tree Detection (ITD) methods using ALS data to estimate tree diameters within stands, these methods often face challenges when the goal is to characterize MUs in dense forests. This study proposes a methodology that simulates diameter distributions from LiDAR data using an Area-Based Approach (ABA) to overcome these limitations. Focusing on maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) MUs within a forest intervention zone in northern Portugal, the research initially assesses the suitability of two highly flexible Probability Density Functions (PDFs), Johnson\u2019s SB and Weibull, for simulating diameter distribution in maritime pine stands in Portugal using the PINASTER database. The selected PDF is then used in conjunction with ABA to derive the variables needed for parameter recovery, enabling the simulation of diameter distributions within each MU. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is applied to generate a sample list of tree diameters from the simulated distributions. The results indicate that this methodology is appropriate to estimate diameter distributions within maritime pine MUs by using ABA combined with Johnson\u2019s SB and Weibull PDFs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:15:49Z","timestamp":1731557749000},"page":"4238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a Methodology Based on ALS Data and Diameter Distribution Simulation to Characterize Management Units at Tree Level"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jean A.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3518-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Guerra-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8495-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo N.","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Campus Universitario, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue s\/n, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susete","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 G.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6242-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges, J.G., Diaz-Balteiro, L., McDill, M.E., and Rodriguez, L.C.E. 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