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In this study, we established a linear regression formulation that relates the permanganate index (CODMn) to the DOC concentration based on in situ measurements collected on five field surveys in 2023\u20132024. This regression formulation was used on a large number of data collected from automatic monitoring stations in the Qiantang River area to construct a daily quasi-in situ database of DOC concentration. By combining the quasi-in situ DOC data and Sentinel-2 measurements, an enhanced algorithm for empirical DOC estimation was developed (R2 = 0.66) using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) method and its spatial and temporal variations in the Qiantang River were analyzed from 2016 to 2023. Spatially, the main stream of the Qiantang River exhibited an overall decreasing and increasing trend influenced by population density, economic development, and pollutant discharge in the basin area, and the temporal distribution of DOC was controlled by meteorological conditions. The DOC contents had the highest in summer, primarily due to high rainfall and leaching. The inter-annual variation in DOC concentration was influenced by the total annual runoff volumes, with a minimum level of 2.24 mg L\u22121 in 2023 and a maximum level of 2.45 mg L\u22121 in 2019. The monthly DOC fluxes ranged from 6.3 to 13.8 \u00d7 104 t, with the highest values coinciding with the maximum river discharge volumes in June and July. The DOC levels in the Qiantang River remained relatively high in recent years (2016\u20132023). This study enables the concerned stakeholders and researchers to better understand carbon transportation and its dynamics in the Qiantang River and its coastal areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T04:47:17Z","timestamp":1731646037000},"page":"4254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Monitoring Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Flux in the Qiantang Riverine System Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yujia","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}]},{"given":"Xianqiang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Palanisamy","family":"Shanmugame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Optics and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1319-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Core Writing Team, Lee, H., and Romero, J. 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