{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:03:04Z","timestamp":1769551384652,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Equipment Pre-Research","award":["lt-8a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lt-8a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous development of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) jamming technology, low-power maneuvering repeater jammers are now flexible and can be located on multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned vehicles (UVs) at the same time, which greatly increases the difficulty of the anti-maneuvering repeater jamming method for spaceborne SAR. Due to the low-power transmission, the locations of the low-power repeater jammers and the protected areas in the imaged swath are relatively close in distance, while the transmission delay of the jamming is approximately equal to the pulse repetition interval (PRI). According to this phenomenon, an anti-maneuvering repeater jamming method using up- and down-chirp modulation is proposed in this paper. After alternately transmitting up- and down-chirp modulation signals, echoes of the jamming and the protected area are recorded in the same location within the echo-receiving window and are related to different chirp modulations. To remove the jamming echoes, de-chirping and frequency filtering are adopted after echo data segmentation. With jamming interference removal using frequency notch filtering, parts of the spectra corresponding to the desired echoes of the imaged swath are simultaneously removed. To recover the unwanted removed range spectra, linear prediction is introduced to improve the focusing quality. Finally, simulation results on both point and distributed targets validate the proposed anti-maneuvering repeater jamming method by using up- and down-chirp modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1731653953000},"page":"4260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti-Maneuvering Repeater Jamming Using Up- and Down-Chirp Modulation in Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Tingcun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7803-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3334917","article-title":"An Effective Minimum Entropy Deconvolution and Zero-Phase Filter Algorithm for Blanket Jamming Suppression on Carrier-Free Ultra-Wideband SAR","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2022.3227307","article-title":"The Imaging Characteristics of Doppler-Modulation Jamming Against HRWS-SIMO-SAR","volume":"19","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2322612","article-title":"Deception Jamming for Squint SAR Based on Multiple Receivers","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3610","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2813521","article-title":"Efficient Deceptive Jamming Method of Static and Moving Targets Against SAR","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0371","article-title":"Deception jamming method based on micro-Doppler effect for vehicle target","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100791","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2997975","article-title":"Research on Rebound Jamming against Multi-Input Multi-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Hang, R., Zhang, S., and Li, Y. (2010, January 24\u201326). Study of noise jamming based on convolution modulation to SAR. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering, Changchun, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CMCE.2010.5609875"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2670958","article-title":"Jamming Wideband Radar Using Interrupted-Sampling Repeater","volume":"53","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fast Generation of Deceptive Jamming Signal against spaceborne SAR Based on Spatial Frequency Domain Interpolation","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"430","article-title":"Improved Blanket Jamming against ISAR Based on Nonperiodic Interrupted Sampling Modulation","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2897363","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Blanket Jamming Against ISAR Using Nonperiodic ISRJ","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88777","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2994084","article-title":"Optimization Method for Multiple Phases Sectionalized Modulation Jamming against Linear Frequency Modulation Radar Based on a Genetic Algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., Chen, J., Wang, X., and Sun, B. (2017). High-performance anti-retransmission deception jamming utilizing range direction multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010123"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2695001","article-title":"Single Channel SAR Deception Jamming Suppression via Dynamic Aperture Processing","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53882","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2871518","article-title":"A Novel Scattered Wave Deception Jamming Against Three Channel SAR GMTI","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of cosinusoidal phase-modulated scatter-wavejamming to the jamming suppression of SAR dual-channel cancellation","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3185254","article-title":"An Anti-2D Deceptive Jamming Method for Multi-Baseline Interferometric SAR Based on Co-Localization Jammer","volume":"15","author":"Lang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9675","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3159561","article-title":"An Improved Sliding Matched Filter Method for Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming Suppression Based on Jamming Reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3283135","article-title":"A Self-Supervised Method Based on CV-MUNet++ for Active Jamming Suppression in SAR Images","volume":"61","author":"Hua","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Li, B., Chen, H., Liu, W., Zhu, Y., Luo, J., and Ni, L. (2024). Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming Countermeasure Based on Intrapulse Frequency\u2013Coded Joint Frequency Modulation Slope Agile Waveform. Remote Sens., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16152810"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, H., Zhao, Y., Su, H., Wang, Z., Bao, Q., and Pan, J. (2023). Research on an Intra-Pulse Orthogonal Waveform and Methods Resisting Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming within the Same Frequency Band. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0099.v1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Liao, K., Peng, S., Tian, Z., and Huang, J. (2022). Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming-Suppression Method Based on a Multi-Stages Multi-Domains Joint Anti-Jamming Depth Network. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143445"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, D., Liu, Z., Guo, Z., Shu, G., and Li, N. (2022). A Repeater-Type SAR Deceptive Jamming Method Based on Joint Encoding of Amplitude and Phase in the Intra-Pulse and Inter-Pulse. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184597"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollian, T., Osmanoglu, B., Rincon, R., Lee, S.-K., and Fatoyinbo, T. (2019). Adaptive Antenna Pattern Notching of Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Using Digital Beamforming. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111346"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3146789","article-title":"On-Ground RFI Mitigation for Spaceborne Multichannel SAR Systems Using Auxiliary Beams","volume":"60","author":"Bollian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3337758","article-title":"Optimized Scan Rate Modulation Jamming Against Sequential Lobing Radars","volume":"60","author":"Kucuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143780","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2944871","article-title":"Azimuth Phase Coding by Up and Down Chirp Modulation for Range Ambiguity Suppression","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013905","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3434698","article-title":"Intrapulse Effect Compensation Method for SAR Systems with Up- and Down-Chirp Modulation","volume":"21","author":"Sakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natsuaki, R., Sakar, N., Yague-Martinez, N., Pinheiro, M., and Prats-Iraola, P. (August, January 28). Investigations on the Optimum Combination of Azimuth Phase Coding and Up- and Down-Chirp Modulation for Range Ambiguity Suppression. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Yokohama, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2019.8897850"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, W., Xing, W., Fang, C., Huang, P., Tan, W., and Gao, Z. (2020). RFI Suppression for SAR Systems Based on Removed Spectrum Iterative Adaptive Approach. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213520"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, J., and Stoica, P. (2005). Spectral Analysis of Signals, The Missing Data Case, Morgan & Claypool. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02525-9"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2020.3015205","article-title":"RFI Suppression Based on Linear Prediction in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/22\/4260\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:33:04Z","timestamp":1760113984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/22\/4260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16224260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16224260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]}}}