{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:25Z","timestamp":1760146585394,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC3101602","2022YFC3104203","42006160","42376002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC3101602","2022YFC3104203","42006160","42376002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC3101602","2022YFC3104203","42006160","42376002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC3101602","2022YFC3104203","42006160","42376002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is of critical importance with regard to air\u2013sea interactions and marine carbon circulation. At present, no single remote sensor is capable of providing a gap-free SSTskin. The use of data fusion techniques is therefore essential for the purpose of filling these gaps. The extant fusion methodologies frequently fail to account for the influence of depth disparities and the diurnal variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) retrieved from multi-sensors. We have developed a novel approach that integrates depth and diurnal corrections and employs advanced data fusion techniques to generate hourly gap-free SST datasets. The General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) is employed to model the diurnal variability of the SST profile, incorporating depth and diurnal corrections. Subsequently, the corrected SSTs at the same observed time and depth are blended using the Markov method and the remaining data gaps are filled with optimal interpolation. The overall precision of the hourly gap-free SSTskin generated demonstrates a mean bias of \u22120.14 \u00b0C and a root mean square error of 0.57 \u00b0C, which is comparable to the precision of satellite observations. The hourly gap-free SSTskin is vital for improving our comprehension of air\u2013sea interactions and monitoring critical oceanographic processes with high-frequency variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1731996414000},"page":"4268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconstruction of Hourly Gap-Free Sea Surface Skin Temperature from Multi-Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qianguang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5022-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengzhou","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bangyi","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3196-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"},{"name":"Air-Sea Interface Observation Project, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00420","article-title":"Observational needs of sea surface temperature","volume":"6","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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