{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1772452132059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen Family Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photogrammetry is a common tool for evaluating ecosystem-scale questions on coral reefs due to the ability to measure complex structures in situ. This technique is also increasingly being used at smaller scales to collect growth and morphometric data about individual coral fragments in manipulative experiments. However, there are substantial uncertainties in data quality and interpretation and limited reporting of the parameters useful for standardization across studies. There is a need to characterize the capabilities of photogrammetry as applied to coral fragments, to establish validation metrics for reporting, and to determine sources of variation in measurements to refine and improve methods. Here, we used fragments of two common reef-building corals (Montipora capitata and Porites compressa) and known size standards to evaluate accuracy and precision and present suggested validation metrics. We also used a tiered experimental design to evaluate sources of error in a photogrammetry workflow in a manipulative experiment using a purpose-built multi-camera workstation. We demonstrate extremely high accuracy (R2 &gt; 0.999) in determining the surface area and volume of known objects, as well as very high precision (average CV &lt; 0.01) in coral measurements during tests of reproducibility. These outcomes show the utility of fragment photogrammetry for experimental coral reef science and present suggested validation metrics and approaches that can help standardize data evaluation and interpretation in any application of photogrammetry to coral fragments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1731996414000},"page":"4274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validating the Precision and Accuracy of Coral Fragment Photogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Spencer","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai\u02bbi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai\u02bbi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]},{"given":"Crawford","family":"Drury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai\u02bbi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-Vera, C., Aguirre-Munizaga, M., Jim\u00e9nez-Icaza, M., Manobanda-Herrera, N., and Rodr\u00edguez-M\u00e9ndez, A. 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