{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:48:05Z","timestamp":1783720085870,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0720203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0720203"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022TSYCCX0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCCX0042"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Program of Xinjiang, China","award":["XDB0720203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0720203"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Program of Xinjiang, China","award":["2022TSYCCX0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCCX0042"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Program of Xinjiang, China","award":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"]}]},{"name":"Western Young Scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0720203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0720203"]}]},{"name":"Western Young Scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022TSYCCX0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCCX0042"]}]},{"name":"Western Young Scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0720203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0720203"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022TSYCCX0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCCX0042"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of XIEG (2023\u20132025)","award":["XDB0720203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0720203"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of XIEG (2023\u20132025)","award":["2022TSYCCX0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCCX0042"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of XIEG (2023\u20132025)","award":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-XBQNXZ-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is anticipated that global warming will modify precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns, consequently affecting water availability. Changes in water availability pose challenges to freshwater supply, food security, and ecosystem sustainability. However, the variations and driving mechanisms of water availability in the arid and semiarid regions of Northern China remain unclear. This study evaluates the accuracy of three evapotranspiration products and analyzes the changes in water availability in the arid and semiarid regions of Northern China over the past 39 years (1982\u20132020) along with their driving factors. The results indicate that during this period, precipitation increased at a rate of 7.5 mm\/decade, while evapotranspiration rose at a higher rate of 13 mm\/decade, resulting in a decline in water availability of 5.5 mm\/decade. Spatially, approximately 30.17% of the area exhibited a significant downward trend in water availability, while 65.65% remained relatively stable. Evapotranspiration is the dominant factor leading to the decrease in water availability, with a contribution rate of 63.41%. The increase in evapotranspiration was primarily driven by temperature (32.53% contribution) and the saturation vapor pressure deficit (24.72% contribution). The decline in water availability may further exacerbate drought risks in arid and semiarid regions. The research results can provide a scientific basis for developing water resource management strategies and ecological restoration strategies under environmental change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T09:30:25Z","timestamp":1732008625000},"page":"4318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Factors of Water Availability in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of Northern China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6742-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonghuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3874-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.131229","article-title":"1.5 \u00b0C and 2.0 \u00b0C of global warming intensifies the hydrological extremes in China","volume":"635","author":"Shu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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