{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:19Z","timestamp":1760146579885,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Natural Resources Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"]}]},{"name":"Initial Scientific Research Fund of Talents in Minjiang University","award":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42304034","42474029","KY-030000-04-2024-034","2023J05257","MJY23002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reclamation is an effective strategy for alleviating land scarcity in coastal areas, thereby providing additional arable land and opportunities for marine ranching. Monitoring the safety of artificial reclamation embankments is crucial for protecting these reclaimed areas. This study employed synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) using 224 Sentinel-1A data, spanning from 9 January 2016 to 8 April 2024, to investigate the deformation characteristics of the coastal reclamation embankment in Funing Bay, China. We optimized the phase-unwrapping network by employing ambiguity-detection and redundant-observation methods to facilitate the multitemporal InSAR phase-unwrapping process. The deformation results indicated that the maximum observed land subsidence rate exceeded 50 mm per year. The Funing Bay embankment exhibited a higher level of internal deformation than areas closer to the sea. Time-series analysis revealed a gradual deceleration in the deformation rate. Furthermore, a geotechnical model was utilized to predict future deformation trends. Understanding the spatial dynamics of deformation characteristics in the Funing Bay reclamation embankment will be beneficial for ensuring the safe operation of future coastal reclamation projects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1732017487000},"page":"4320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coastal Reclamation Embankment Deformation: Dynamic Monitoring and Future Trend Prediction Using Multi-Temporal InSAR Technology in Funing Bay, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]},{"given":"Baohang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350001, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350001, China"}]},{"given":"Bojie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]},{"given":"Guangrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}]},{"given":"Shouzhu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]},{"given":"Linjie","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2112\/SI75-133.1","article-title":"Review of coastal Land Reclamation situation in the World","volume":"75","author":"Negro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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