{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:05Z","timestamp":1760146565502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["817578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817578"]}]},{"name":"CNES (the French National Center for Space Studies)","award":["817578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817578"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study introduces a comprehensive, open-access atlas of mesoscale eddies in the global ocean, as identified and tracked by the TOEddies algorithm implemented on a global scale. Unlike existing atlases, TOEddies detects eddies directly from absolute dynamic topography (ADT) without spatial filtering, preserving the natural spatial variability and enabling precise, high-resolution tracking of eddy dynamics. This dataset provides daily information on eddy characteristics, such as size, intensity, and polarity, over a 30-year period (1993\u20132023), capturing complex eddy interactions, including splitting and merging events that often produce networks of interconnected eddies. This unique approach challenges the traditional single-trajectory perspective, offering a nuanced view of eddy life cycles as dynamically linked trajectories. In addition to traditional metrics, TOEddies identifies both the eddy core (characterized by maximum azimuthal velocity) and the outer boundary, offering a detailed representation of eddy structure and enabling precise comparisons with in situ data. To demonstrate its value, we present a statistical overview of eddy characteristics and spatial distributions, including generation, disappearance, and merging\/splitting events, alongside a comparative analysis with existing global eddy datasets. Among the multi-year observations, TOEddies captures coherent, long-lived eddies with lifetimes exceeding 1.5 years, while highlighting significant differences in the dynamic properties and spatial patterns across datasets. Furthermore, this study integrates TOEddies with 23 years of colocalized Argo profile data (2000\u20132023), allowing for a novel examination of eddy-induced subsurface variability and the role of mesoscale eddies in the transport of global ocean heat and biogeochemical properties. This atlas aims to be a valuable resource for the oceanographic community, providing an open dataset that can support diverse applications in ocean dynamics, climate research, and marine resource management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1732099055000},"page":"4336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global Assessment of Mesoscale Eddies with TOEddies: Comparison Between Multiple Datasets and Colocation with In Situ Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0055-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artemis","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5157-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Laxenaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de L\u2019Atmosphere et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR 8105 CNRS, Universite de La Reunion, Meteo-France, 97744 Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5452-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Speich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure ENS-PSL, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.5194\/os-12-663-2016","article-title":"Occurrence and characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean","volume":"12","author":"Brandt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean. 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