{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:26Z","timestamp":1760146646850,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Space Agency (Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales)","award":["221332","ST13301CQ0050\/1332KP22FNEED0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221332","ST13301CQ0050\/1332KP22FNEED0042"]}]},{"name":"NOAA-NESDIS Ocean Surface Topography Science team","award":["221332","ST13301CQ0050\/1332KP22FNEED0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221332","ST13301CQ0050\/1332KP22FNEED0042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 1-day fast-sampling orbit phase of the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission provides a unique opportunity to analyze high-frequency sea-state variability and its implications for altimeter sea state bias (SSB) model development. Time series with 1-day repeat sampling of sea-level anomaly (SLA) and SSB input parameters\u2014comprising the significant wave height (SWH), wind speed (WS), and mean wave period (MWP)\u2014are constructed using SWOT\u2019s nadir altimeter data. The analyses corroborate the following key SSB modelling assumption central to empirical developments: the SLA noise due to all factors, aside from sea state change, is zero-mean. Global variance reduction tests on the SSB model\u2019s performance using corrected SLA differences show that correction skill estimation using a specific (1D, 2D, or 3D) SSB model is unstable when using short time difference intervals ranging from 1 to 5 days, reaching a stable asymptotic limit after 5 days. It is proposed that this result is related to the temporal auto- and cross-correlations associated with the SSB model\u2019s input parameters; the present study shows that SSB wind-wave input measurements take time (typically 1\u20134 days) to decorrelate in any given region. The latter finding, obtained using unprecedented high-frequency satellite data from multiple ocean basins, is shown to be consistent with estimates from an ocean wave model. The results also imply that optimal time-differencing (i.e., &gt;4 days) should be considered when building SSB model data training sets. The SWOT altimeter data analysis of the temporal cross-correlations also permits an evaluation of the relationships between the SSB input parameters (SWH, WS, and MWP), where distinct behaviors are found in the swell- and wind-sea-dominated areas, and associated time scales are less than or on the order of 1 day. Finally, it is demonstrated that computing cross-correlations between the SLA (with and without SSB correction) and the SSB input parameters offers an additional tool for evaluating the relevance of candidate SSB input parameters, as well as for assessing the performance of SSB correction models, which, so far, mainly rely on the reduction in the variance of the differences in the SLA at crossover points.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T06:41:48Z","timestamp":1732257708000},"page":"4361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of High-Frequency Sea-State Variability Using SWOT Nadir Measurements and Application to Altimeter Sea State Bias Modelling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle","family":"Mazaleyrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 11 Rue Herm\u00e8s, 31520 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 11 Rue Herm\u00e8s, 31520 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La\u00efba","family":"Amarouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 11 Rue Herm\u00e8s, 31520 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Vandemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA"},{"name":"Global Science & Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6275-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA"},{"name":"Global Science & Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3644-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Dibarboure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bignalet-Cazalet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"i","article-title":"Chapter 1: Satellite altimetry","volume":"Volume 69","author":"Fu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences: A Handbook of Techniques and Applications"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escudier, P., Couhert, A., Mercier, F., Mallet, A., Thibaut, P., Tran, N., Amarouche, L., Picard, B., Carrere, L., and Dibarboure, G. (2017). Chapter Satellite Radar Altimetry Principle Accuracy and Precision. Satellite Altimetry over Oceans and Land Surfaces, Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315151779-1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<2030:ATPWSA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A two-parameter wind speed algorithm for Ku-band altimeters","volume":"19","author":"Gourrion","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Collard, F. (2005). Algorithmes de vent et p\u00e9riode moyenne des vagues JASON \u00e0 base de r\u00e9seaux de neurones (Algorithms for Jason wind speed and mean wave period based on neural network approach). BO-021-CLS-0407-RF. Boost. Technol., 33."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2012.718676","article-title":"Ku-Band Radar Altimeter Surface Wind Speed Algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Abdalla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24981","DOI":"10.1029\/94JC01430","article-title":"Estimating the sea state bias of the TOPEX and POSEIDON altimeters from crossover differences","volume":"99","author":"Gaspar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15803","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC01194","article-title":"Estimation of the sea state bias in radar altimeter measurements of sea level: Results from a new nonparametric method","volume":"103","author":"Gaspar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<1690:INEOTS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Improving nonparametric estimates of the sea state bias in radar altimetry measurements of sea level","volume":"19","author":"Gaspar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2010.487788","article-title":"Overview and update of the sea state bias corrections for the Jason-2, Jason-1 and TOPEX missions","volume":"33","author":"Tran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2011.584832","article-title":"Impact of Jason-2 wind speed calibration on the sea state bias correction","volume":"34","author":"Tran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1998)015<0522:AIMMOM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"An improved mapping method of multisatellite altimeter data","volume":"15","author":"Nadal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.5194\/os-12-1067-2016","article-title":"DUACS DT2014: The new multimission altimeter data set reprocessed over 20 years","volume":"12","author":"Pujol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.5194\/os-15-1207-2019","article-title":"DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products","volume":"15","author":"Taburet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pujol, M.-I., Dupuy, S., Vergara, O., S\u00e1nchez Rom\u00e1n, A., Faug\u00e8re, Y., Prandi, P., Dabat, M.-L., Dagneaux, Q., Lievin, M., and Cadier, E. (2023). Refining the resolution of DUACS along-track level-3 sea level altimetry products. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030793"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2010.02","article-title":"Eddy dynamics from satellite altimetry","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2010.06","article-title":"Satellite observations of ocean circulation changes associated with climate variability","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2010.03","article-title":"Global sea level rise: Recent progress and challenges for the decades to come","volume":"23","author":"Willis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.5194\/os-15-1091-2019","article-title":"On the resolution of ocean altimetry maps","volume":"15","author":"Ballarotta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2003)020<1276:TAOSSS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The accuracies of smoothed sea surface height fields constructed from tandem satellite altimeter datasets","volume":"20","author":"Chelton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JPO4376.1","article-title":"Toward a midlatitude ocean frequency\u2013wavenumber spectral density and trend determination","volume":"40","author":"Wunsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-16-0015.1","article-title":"Value of the Jason-1 geodetic phase to study rapid oceanic changes and importance for defining a Jason-2 geodetic orbit","volume":"33","author":"Dibarboure","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-13-00109.1","article-title":"On the transition from profile altimeter to swath altimeter for observing global ocean surface topography","volume":"31","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrow, R., Fu, L.-L., Ardhuin, F., Benkiran, M., Chapron, B., Cosme, E., d\u2019Ovidio, F., Farrar, J.T., Gille, S.T., and Lapeyre, G. (2019). Global observations of fine-scale ocean surface topography with the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. Front. Mar. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00232"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"d\u2019Ovidio, F., Pascual, A., Wang, J., Doglioli, A.M., Jing, Z., Moreau, S., Gr\u00e9gori, G., Swart, S., Speich, S., and Cyr, F. (2019). Frontiers in fine-scale in situ studies: Opportunities during the SWOT fast sampling phase. Front. Mar. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00168"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023GL107652","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL107652","article-title":"The surface water and ocean topography mission: A breakthrough in radar remote sensing of the ocean and land surface water","volume":"51","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2024, October 01). QUID Document for WAVE TAC Product WAVE_GLO_PHY_SWH_L3_NRT_014_001. Available online: https:\/\/catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu\/documents\/QUID\/CMEMS-WAV-QUID-014-001.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2024, October 01). QUID Document for WAVE TAC Product WAVE_GLO_PHY_SWH_L4_NRT_014_003. Available online: https:\/\/catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu\/documents\/QUID\/CMEMS-WAV-QUID-014-003.pdf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2022.2026520","article-title":"Validation of significant wave height from Jason-3 and Sentinel-3A\/B and relation to tidal currents in coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula","volume":"43","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, M., Xu, K., and Wang, J. (2023). Evaluation of Sentinel-6 altimetry data over ocean. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010012"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Zhang, J., Jia, Y., Fan, C., and Cui, W. (2020). Validation of Sentinel-3A\/3B and Jason-3 altimeter wind speeds and significant wave heights using buoy and ASCAT data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12132079"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2011.585113","article-title":"Altimeter near real time wind and wave products: Random error estimation","volume":"34","author":"Abdalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C03020","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JC005534","article-title":"Sea state bias in altimeter sea level estimates determined by combining wave model and satellite data","volume":"115","author":"Tran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2019.11.034","article-title":"Assessing the effects of sea-state related errors on the precision of high-rate Jason-3 altimeter sea level data","volume":"68","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Raynal, M., Bohe, A., Picot, N., Dibarboure, G., Prandi, P., Nencioli, F., Cadier, E., Delepoulle, A., Ubelmann, C., and Picard, B. (2024, January 17\u201321). KaRIn performances and validation over open ocean. Proceedings of the SWOT Science Team Meeting 2024, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Available online: https:\/\/swotst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/SWOTST2024\/20240618\/10_Tue_AM_Raynal_KaRIn_LR_Validation.pdf."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chassignet, E.P., Pascual, A., Tintor\u00e9, J., and Verron, J. (2018). Chapter 8: Fine-scale altimetry and the future SWOT mission. New Frontiers in Operational Oceanography, GODAE OceanView.","DOI":"10.17125\/gov2018"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2024, October 01). SWOT Nadir Altimetry Interim Geophysical Data Records (Swot NATL IGDR). Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/en\/data\/products\/sea-surface-height-products\/global\/gdr-igdr-and-ogdr.html."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/01490410490465210","article-title":"Improving the Jason-1 ground retracking to better account for attitude effects","volume":"27","author":"Amarouche","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2010.491033","article-title":"Relative performance of the MLE3 and MLE4 retracking algorithms on Jason-2 altimeter waveforms","volume":"33","author":"Thibaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Lyard, F., Carrere, L., Dabat, M., Tchilibou, M., Fouchet, E., Faug\u00e8re, Y., Dibarboure, G., and Picot, N. (2023, January 21). Barotropic corrections for SWOT: FES2022 and DAC. Proceedings of the SWOT Meeting, Toulouse, France."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2024, October 01). Dynamic Atmospheric Correction dedicated to SWOT CalVal Phase. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/en\/data\/products\/auxiliary-products\/dynamic-atmospheric-correction-dedicated-to-swot-calval-phase\/description.html."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3803","article-title":"The ERA5 global reanalysis","volume":"146","author":"Hersbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quaterly J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/TGE.1971.271490","article-title":"Nanosecond radar observations of the ocean surface from a stable platform","volume":"9","author":"Yaplee","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015776","article-title":"Direct estimation of sea state impacts on radar altimeter sea level measurements","volume":"29","author":"Vandemark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2010.2041894","article-title":"Spline-based nonparametric estimation of the altimeter sea-state bias correction","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JC001839","article-title":"New TOPEX sea state bias models and their effect on global mean sea level","volume":"108","author":"Chambers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/01490410490902089","article-title":"Nonparametric estimates of the sea state bias for Jason-1 radar altimeter","volume":"27","author":"Labroue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Gommenginger, C., Srokosz, M., Bellingham, C., Snaith, H., Pires, N., Fernandes, M.J., Tran, N., Vandemark, D., Moreau, T., and Labroue, S. (2018, January 24\u201329). Sea state bias: 25 years on. Proceedings of the 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry 2018, Ponta Delgada, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pires, N., Fernandes, M.J., Gommenginger, C., and Scharroo, R. (2016). A conceptually simple modeling approach for Jason-1 sea state bias correction based on 3 parameters exclusively derived from altimetric information. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8070576"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2866773","article-title":"Improved sea state bias estimation for altimeter reference missions with altimeter-only three-parameter models","volume":"57","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2016.2557839","article-title":"Estimating the sea state bias of Jason-2 altimeter from crossover differences by using a three-dimensional nonparametric model","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JC011536","article-title":"Tracking the attenuation and nonbreaking dissipation of swells using altimeters","volume":"121","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.863852","article-title":"Physical optics-based electromagnetic bias theory with surface height-slope cross-correlation and hydrodynamic modulation","volume":"44","author":"Millet","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Tran, N., Amarouche, L., Kocha, C., Rialland, R., Quet, V., Grau, C., Ollivier, A., Daguze, J.-A., Pirotte, T., and Maraldi, C. (2023, January 7\u201311). SSB modeling from CFOSAT data. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting, Puerto Rico, WV, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2023\/Presentations\/CFO2023-SSB_modeling_from_CFOSAT_data.pdf."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Bignalet-Cazalet, F., Picot, N., Desai, S., Scharroo, R., and Egido, A. (2024, October 01). Jason-3 Products Handbook. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/data\/tools\/hdbk_j3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Labroue, S., Gaspar, P., Dorandeu, J., Mertz, F., Tran, N., Zanife, O.-Z., Vincent, P., Picot, N., and Femenias, P. (2006, January 13\u200318). Overview of the Improvements Made on the Empirical Determination of the Sea State Bias Correction. Proceedings of the 15 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry Symposium, Venice, Italy. Available online: https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=e7a8d3542c2faadaafbe0988990202fb230f4a89."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/355984.355989","article-title":"LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares","volume":"8","author":"Paige","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1137\/10079687X","article-title":"LSMR: An iterative algorithm for sparse least-squares problems","volume":"33","author":"Fong","year":"2011","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2010.11.019","article-title":"Scaling characteristics of ocean wave height time series","volume":"390","author":"Ozger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2020.125081","article-title":"Multiscale dynamics under the lens of permutation entropy","volume":"559","author":"Olivares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.836846","article-title":"Evidence of crossover phenomena in wind-speed data","volume":"51","author":"Kavasseri","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2015.11.015","article-title":"Quantifying long-range correlations with a multiscale ordinal pattern approach","volume":"445","author":"Olivares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1029\/WR023i007p01257","article-title":"A theoretical study of the estimation of the correlation scale in spatially variable fields: 1. Stationary fields","volume":"23","author":"Russo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14\/15<2149::AID-HYP847>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Scaling issues in snow hydrology","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-4939-z","article-title":"Sampling scale effects in random fields and implications for environmental monitoring","volume":"114","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125304","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/aae91d","article-title":"Assessing the limitations of effective number of samples for finding the uncertainty of the mean correlated data","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18141","DOI":"10.1029\/96JC01147","article-title":"A study of currents south of Africa using Geosat satellite altimetry","volume":"101","author":"Snaith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1029\/RG015i004p00385","article-title":"Space and time scales of mesoscale motion in the Western North Atlantic","volume":"15","author":"Richman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20267","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC11p20267","article-title":"Spatial scales of mesoscale variability in the North Atlantic as deduced from Geosat data","volume":"95","author":"Rouquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1357\/002224091784995828","article-title":"Time scales of mesoscale variability and their relationship with space scales in the North Atlantic","volume":"49","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Mar. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1997)027<1743:GCOOVE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global characteristics of ocean variability estimated from regional TOPEX\/POSEIDON altimeter measurements","volume":"27","author":"Stammer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3370080303","article-title":"Use of cross correlations in the search for teleconnections","volume":"8","author":"Katz","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C09009","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JC003406","article-title":"New models for satellite altimeter sea state bias correction developed using wave model data","volume":"111","author":"Tran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"427","article-title":"Distribution of the estimators of autoregressive time series with a unit root","volume":"74","author":"Dickey","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2307\/1912517","article-title":"Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with unit root","volume":"49","author":"Dickey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2008.09.006","article-title":"Day-ahead wind speed forecasting using f-ARIMA models","volume":"34","author":"Kavasseri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.04.094","article-title":"Wind power prediction using hybrid autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average and least square support vector machine","volume":"129","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9892.1983.tb00371.x","article-title":"The estimation and application of long memory time series models","volume":"4","author":"Geweke","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Time Ser. Anal."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9892.1994.tb00198.x","article-title":"Estimation of the fractional difference parameter in the ARFIMA(p,d,q) model using the smoothed periodogram","volume":"15","author":"Reisen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Time Ser. Anal."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6684","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00698.1","article-title":"The temporal autocorrelation structure of sea surface winds","volume":"25","author":"Monahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.L. (2007). Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1446.014","article-title":"The impact of North Atlantic wind and cyclone trends on European precipitation and significant wave height in the Atlantic","volume":"1146","author":"Trigo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI3718.1","article-title":"A global view on the wind sea and swell climate and variability from ERA-40","volume":"24","author":"Semedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L06607","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL037030","article-title":"Observation of swell dissipation across oceans","volume":"36","author":"Ardhuin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JC012585","article-title":"Propagation route and speed of swell in the Indian Ocean","volume":"123","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<1849:AGVOSA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A global view of swell and wind sea climate in the ocean by satellite altimeter and scatterometer","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00234-6","article-title":"A new look at the zonal pattern of the marine wind system from TOPEX measurements","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2004.11.007","article-title":"Numerical modeling of ocean swell contributions to the global wind-wave climate","volume":"11","author":"Alves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL068702","article-title":"A new insight from space into swell propagation and crossing in the global oceans","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardhuin, F., Stopa, J.E., Chapron, B., Collard, F., Husson, R., Jensen, R.E., Johannessen, J., Mouche, A., Passaro, M., and Quartly, G.D. (2019). Observing sea states. Front. Mar. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00124"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-18-0149.1","article-title":"Wave climate from spectra and its connections with local and remote wind climate","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7799","DOI":"10.1029\/97JC02572","article-title":"Arabian sea surface winds and ocean transports determined from ERS-1 scatterometer","volume":"103","author":"Halpern","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02842260","article-title":"Intraseasonal oscillations and interannual variability of surface winds over the Indian monsoon region","volume":"107","author":"Goswami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-23-0099.1","article-title":"Subseasonal features of the Indian monsoon","volume":"36","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1029\/91JC02452","article-title":"Growth of wind waves with fetch observed by the Geosat altimeter in the Japan Sea under winter monsoon","volume":"97","author":"Ebuchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0088(199907)19:9<931::AID-JOC412>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate","volume":"19","author":"Young","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Wu, K., Li, R., Li, D., Zhang, S., Zhang, R., Li, S., and Dong, X. (2023). Analysis of the interannual variability of Pacific swell pools. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11101883"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4236\/ojms.2012.22006","article-title":"Variations in swells along Eastern Arabian Sea during the summer monsoon","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8419580","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8419580","article-title":"Analysis of the global swell and wind sea energy distribution using WAVEWATCH III","volume":"2016","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3936.1","article-title":"Variability of the winter wind waves and swell in the North Atlantic and North Pacific as revealed by the voluntary observing ship data","volume":"19","author":"Gulev","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semedo, A. (2018). Seasonal variability of wind sea and swell waves climate along the Canary current: The local wind effect. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse6010028"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021JC017198","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JC017198","article-title":"The seasonal cycle of significant wave height in the ocean: Local versus remote forcing","volume":"126","author":"Colosi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2013.10.013","article-title":"Wave height analysis from 10 years of observations in the Norwegian Sea","volume":"72","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"Johnstone, J., and Curry, J. (2024, October 01). What\u2019s Causing the Extremely Warm Temperatures in the North Atlantic? Web Blog Post. Available online: https:\/\/judithcurry.com\/2023\/07\/02\/whats-causing-the-extremely-warm-temperatures-in-the-north-atlantic\/."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023GL104215","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL104215","article-title":"Evolution and prediction of two extremely strong Atlantic Ni\u00f1os in 2019\u20132021: Impact of Benguela warming","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi5507","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi5507","article-title":"Emergence of the Central Atlantic Ni\u00f1o","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/65.2.297","article-title":"On a measure of lack of fit in time series models","volume":"65","author":"Ljung","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2021.109504","article-title":"A benchmarking exercise for environmental contours","volume":"236","author":"Haselsteiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-8018(82)90042-7","article-title":"Prediction of wave height and period for a constant wind velocity using the JONSWAP results","volume":"9","author":"Carter","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC00197","article-title":"A statistical comparison of wind speed, wave height, and wave period derived from satellite altimeters and ocean buoys in the Gulf of Mexico region","volume":"103","author":"Hwang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Bidlot, J.R. (2024, October 01). Ocean Wave Model Output Parameters. Technical Report ECMWF. Available online: https:\/\/confluence.ecmwf.int\/download\/attachments\/59774192\/wave_parameters.pdf?version=1."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2015.09.003","article-title":"Comparison and validation of physical wave parameterizations in spectral wave models","volume":"103","author":"Stopa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2018.06.043","article-title":"Estimation of significant wave period from wave spectrum","volume":"163","author":"Chun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP)","volume":"12","author":"Hasselmann","year":"1973","journal-title":"Erg\u00e4nzungsheft Zur Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. Reihe A"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1976)006<0200:APWPM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A parametric wave prediction model","volume":"6","author":"Hasselmann","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1978)008<0494:SFOTGO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Stochastic form of the growth of wind waves in a single-parameter representation with physical implications","volume":"8","author":"Toba","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2012.10.005","article-title":"Patterns and cycles in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind and wave data","volume":"70","author":"Stopa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, Y., Guo, B., Subrahmanyam, M.V., Xue, B., and Ye, Y. (2021). The influence of typhoon \u201cMITAG\u201d on waves and currents in Zhoushan Sea area, China. Atmosphere, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12081027"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-23-2031-2005","article-title":"Statistical analysis of wave parameters in the north coast of the Persian Gulf","volume":"23","author":"Parvaresh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanakos, C.N., and Belibassakis, K.A. (2005, January 12\u201317). Nonstationary stochastic modelling of multivariate long-term wind and wave data. Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Halkidiki, Greece.","DOI":"10.1115\/OMAE2005-67461"},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Feng, H., Vandemark, D., Chapron, B., Tran, N., and Beckley, B. (2006, January 16\u201318). Use of fuzzy logic clustering analysis to address wave impacts on altimeter sea level measurements: Part I data classification. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2006, Venice, Italy. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/OSTST\/2006\/feng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_122","unstructured":"Vandemark, D., Feng, H., Chapron, B., Tran, N., and Beckley, B. (2006, January 16\u201318). Use of fuzzy logic clustering analysis to address wave impacts on altimeter sea level measurements: Part II results. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2006, Venice, Italy. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/OSTST\/2006\/vandemark.pdf."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7385","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2601242","article-title":"Dynamical properties of sea surface microwave backscatter at low-incidence: Correlation time and Doppler shift","volume":"54","author":"Boisot","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Amarouche, L., Tran, N., Herrera, D., Guerin, C., Dubois, P., Aublanc, J., and Boy, F. (2019, January 21\u201325). Impact of the ocean waves motion on the Delay\/Doppler altimeters measurements. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2019, Chicago, IL, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2019\/IPM_05_Amarouche_DopplerWavesSARMode_OSTST2019_Final.pdf."},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Buchhaupt, C. (2019). Model Improvement for SAR Altimetry. [Ph.D. Thesis, Schriftenreihe Fachrichtung Geod\u00e4sie der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt]. Available online: https:\/\/tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de\/9015\/."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Egido, A., and Ray, C. (2019, January 21\u201325). On the effect of surface motion in SAR altimeter observations of the open ocean. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2019, Chicago, IL, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2019\/IPM_03_Egido20191022_-_OSTST_-_AEE.pdf."},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Raynal, M., Cadier, E., Labroue, S., Moreau, T., Rieu, P., F\u00e9m\u00e9nias, P., Bordes, F., Boy, F., and Picot, N. (2019, January 21\u201325). Lessons Learned from Sentinel SARM Missions in Preparation of Jason-CS. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2019\/ERR_04_SARM_lessons_learned_raynal.pdf."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Tran, N., Amarouche, L., and Boy, F. (2020, January 19\u201323). Impact of the ocean waves on the Delay\/Doppler altimeters: Analysis using real Sentinel-3 data. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2020, Virtual. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/tx_ausyclsseminar\/files\/TranetAl_DopplerWaves_DataAnalysis_OSTST_2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2022.12.034","article-title":"Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals","volume":"71","author":"Buchhaupt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchhaupt, C.K., Egido, A., Vandemark, D., Smith, W.H.F., Fenoglio, L., and Leuliette, E. (2023). Towards the mitigation of discrepancies in sea surface parameters estimated from low- and high-resolution satellite altimetry. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15174206"},{"key":"ref_131","unstructured":"Abdalla, S., and Dinardo, S. (2016, January 31). Does Swell Impact SWH from SAR Altimetry? In Proceedings of the SAR Altimetry Workshop 2016. La Rochelle, France. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/tx_ausyclsseminar\/files\/SAR_03_Abdalla_SAR_WS_20161031.pdf."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2018.06.004","article-title":"Impact of long ocean waves on wave height retrieval from SAR altimetry data","volume":"62","author":"Moreau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reale, F., Pugliese Carratelli, E., Di Leo, A., and Dentale, F. (2020). Wave orbital velocity effects on radar Doppler altimeter for sea monitoring. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8060447"},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"Egido, A., Buchhaupt, C., Boy, F., Maraldi, C., and CLS Team (November, January 31). Correcting for the Vertical Wave Motion Effect in S6-MF Observations of the Open Ocean. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2022, Venice, Italy. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2022\/Presentations\/IPM2022-A_Significant_Wave_Height_Correction_to_Account_for_Vertical_Wave_Motion_Effects_in_SAR_Altimeter_Measurements.pdf."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"Amarouche, L., Tran, N., Pirotte, T., Mrad, M., Etienne, H., and Moreau, T. (2023, January 20). Analysis of waves dynamics impact on Sentinel-6MF delay\/Doppler measurements. Proceedings of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting 2023, Puerto Rico, WV, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ostst.aviso.altimetry.fr\/forum-pages\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/OSTST2023\/Presentations\/IPC2023-Analysis_of_Waves_Dynamics_Impact_on_Sentinel-6MF_Delay_Doppler_Measurements.pdf."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.07.015","article-title":"Impact of vertical water particle motions on focused SAR altimetry","volume":"68","author":"Buchhaupt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"4207725","article-title":"On the effects of ocean surface motion on delay-Doppler altimetry","volume":"62","author":"Nouguier","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"Bignalet-Cazalet, F., Roinard, H., Pirotte, T., Picard, B., Homerin, A., Kientz, N., de la Fl\u00e8che, A., Maraldi, C., Raynal, M., and Picot, N. (2024). Calibration and validation performance assessment for SWOT\u2019s nadir altimeter, in preparation."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/23\/4361\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:37:23Z","timestamp":1760114243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/23\/4361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16234361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16234361","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]}}}