{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T19:47:03Z","timestamp":1775418423776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S007458\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S007458\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Leeds","award":["NE\/S007458\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S007458\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-flying insects that exploit tropospheric winds can disperse over far greater distances in a single generation than species restricted to below-canopy flight. However, the ecological consequences of such long-range dispersal remain poorly understood. For example, high-altitude dispersal may facilitate more rapid range shifts in these species and reduce their sensitivity to habitat fragmentation, in contrast to low-flying insects that rely more on terrestrial patch networks. Previous studies have primarily used surface-level variables with limited spatial coverage to explore dispersal timing and movement. In this study, we introduce a novel application of niche modelling to insect aeroecology by examining the relationship between a comprehensive set of atmospheric conditions and high-flying insect activity in the troposphere, as detected by weather surveillance radars (WSRs). We reveal correlations between large-scale dispersal events and atmospheric conditions, identifying key variables that influence dispersal behaviour. By incorporating high-altitude atmospheric conditions into niche models, we achieve significantly higher predictive accuracy compared with models based solely on surface-level conditions. Key predictive factors include the proportion of arable land, altitude, temperature, and relative humidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T08:38:24Z","timestamp":1732523904000},"page":"4388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-7840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Hodges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Hassall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Ryan","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Fairbairn House, Leeds LS2 9PH, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2020.05.016","article-title":"The importance of insects on land and in water: A tropical view","volume":"40","author":"Kazakou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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