{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T20:36:20Z","timestamp":1773520580257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Environment Industry &amp; Technology Institute (KEITI)","award":["RS-2023-00232066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00232066"]}]},{"name":"Korea Environment Industry &amp; Technology Institute (KEITI)","award":["PJ0162342024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ0162342024"]}]},{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00232066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00232066"]}]},{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["PJ0162342024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ0162342024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the complex spatiotemporal variability of aerosols, high-frequency satellite observations are essential for accurately mapping their distribution. However, optical remote sensing encounters difficulties in detecting Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over cloud-covered regions, creating data gaps that limit comprehensive environmental analysis. This study introduces a spatial gap-filling method for Himawari-8\/Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) hourly AOD data, using a Random Forest (RF) model that integrates meteorological variables and model-based AOD data. Developed and validated over South Korea from 1 January to 31 December 2019, the model effectively improved data coverage from 6% to 100%. The approach demonstrated high performance in blind tests, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.064 and a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.966. Meteorological analysis indicated optimal model performance under cold, dry conditions (RMSE: 0.047, CC: 0.956), compared to humid conditions (RMSE: 0.105, CC: 0.921). Validation against Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground observations showed that, while the original Himawari-8 data exhibited higher accuracy (RMSE: 0.189, CC: 0.815, n = 346), the gap-filled dataset maintained reasonable precision (RMSE: 0.208, CC: 0.711) and significantly increased the number of valid data points (n = 4149). Furthermore, the gap-filled dataset successfully captured seasonal AOD patterns, with values ranging from 0.245\u20130.300 in winter to 0.381\u20130.391 in summer, providing a comprehensive view of aerosol dynamics across South Korea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T08:38:24Z","timestamp":1732523904000},"page":"4400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spatial Gap-Filling of Himawari-8 Hourly AOD Products Using Machine Learning with Model-Based AOD and Meteorological Data: A Focus on the Korean Peninsula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1144-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youjeong","family":"Youn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Geomatics Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Seoyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Geomatics Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Earth, Computing, Human and Observing (ECHO), Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Major of Geomatics Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(74)90004-3","article-title":"Pollution and the planetary albedo","volume":"8","author":"Twomey","year":"1974","journal-title":"Atmos. 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