{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T10:09:34Z","timestamp":1775383774065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province","award":["23JRRA567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA567"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province","award":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province","award":["No. tsqn202312158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. tsqn202312158"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province","award":["22ZD6FA005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZD6FA005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JRRA567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. tsqn202312158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. tsqn202312158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22ZD6FA005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZD6FA005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["23JRRA567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA567"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["No. tsqn202312158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. tsqn202312158"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["22ZD6FA005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZD6FA005"]}]},{"name":"the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program","award":["23JRRA567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA567"]}]},{"name":"the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program","award":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbzg-zdsys-202306"]}]},{"name":"the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program","award":["No. tsqn202312158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. tsqn202312158"]}]},{"name":"the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program","award":["22ZD6FA005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZD6FA005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Light-absorbing particles, which are vital components of aerosols, can cause significant snow albedo darkening and accelerate melting. However, restricted by the poor quality of remote sensing-based aerosol products in High Mountain Asia (HMA), previous studies have seldom reported the long-term pattern of aerosols. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of AOD in HMA and surrounding areas using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Ozone Monitoring Instrument data from 2004 to 2023. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to analyze the temporal trend and abrupt changes in AOD, while Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function was used to identify subregions and investigate spatiotemporal variations. Moreover, random forest and XGBoost-Shap models were employed to quantify the contributions of the aerosols to changes in snow albedo and melting. The results indicate that the annual (monthly) average highest and lowest AOD occurred in 2021 (April) and 2022 (September) between 2004 and 2023, respectively. The AOD first increased and then decreased during our study period and an abrupt decline was detected in 2013. The REOF model revealed three regions in HMA (northern, southwestern, and southeastern parts) with strong variations in AOD load, which are strongly correlated with atmospheric circulation and monsoon driving. Specifically, REOF1, REOF2, and REOF3 are primarily associated with frequent dust events during springtime atmospheric circulation and anthropogenic emission transport during the monsoon season. Aerosol types were divided into four types, BC aerosol, DUST aerosol, MIX aerosol, and clean conditions, whose proportions were 16.7%, 16.1%, 6.6%, and 60.6%, respectively. The clean conditions constituted the main aerosol type in the region. The AOD notably decreased snow albedo (17.8%) and increased snowmelt (9.0%); we highlight the contribution of AOD to the intensification of snowmelt. These results could provide guidance for further studies on the relationship between snowmelt and AOD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1732528774000},"page":"4410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatiotemporal Variation in Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Potential Effects on Snowmelt in High Mountain Asia from 2004 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1011-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lichen","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Zhangye Meteorological Service, Zhangye 734000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jizu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Industry Technology Center of Intelligent Equipment and Big Data for Disaster Prevention, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2762-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengde","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-17-0057.1","article-title":"Recent Third Pole\u2019s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis","volume":"100","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. 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