{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:29Z","timestamp":1760146649577,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015286","name":"Hebei Provincial Key Research Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22374202D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22374202D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of carbon storage in coastal wetlands is crucial to the global carbon cycle and human production activities. An accurate quantitative assessment and understanding of its spatial distribution are essential for informed decision-making on sustainable development goals. This study focuses on the wetlands in the coastal zones of Hebei and Tianjin. It develops a comprehensive assessment model that spans a long time series, covering the past, present, and future, aiming to provide insights into the intrinsic linkages between coastal wetland types and carbon storage, as well as projected future trends under three different scenarios. The results of the study demonstrate the following: (1) between 1990 and 2020, the area of coastal wetlands in Hebei and Tianjin decreased by 365.63 km2, resulting in a loss of 5.15 Tg of carbon storage, which represents approximately 20.82% of the total carbon storage; (2) temperature, precipitation, and the intensity of human activities are key factors influencing carbon storage in coastal wetlands; (3) carbon storage in the coastal wetlands of Hebei and Tianjin is primarily composed of natural wetlands, which account for 59.62% to 60.69% of the total carbon storage, and this ratio is not expected to change significantly in the future; (4) under WRS, carbon storage in the Hebei\u2013Tianjin coastal wetlands is projected to increase, reaching 19.76 Tg by 2050\u2014an increase of 0.21 Tg compared to 2020. This growth trend in carbon storage is significantly better than under the natural and EPS scenarios and aligns more closely with dual-carbon goals. This study not only provides managers with valuable insights into land use and urban development planning but also highlights the positive role of WRS in contributing to the growth of carbon storage in coastal wetlands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1732695462000},"page":"4428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modeling, Assessment, and Prediction of Carbon Storage in Hebei\u2013Tianjin Coastal Wetlands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}]},{"given":"Tonggang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.09.015","article-title":"Assessing the potential impacts of urban expansion on regional carbon storage by linking the LUSD-urban and InVEST models","volume":"75","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14621","article-title":"Carbon budgets of wetland ecosystems in China","volume":"25","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3192267","article-title":"Assessing and characterizing carbon storage in wetlands of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, China, During 1995\u20132020","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6834","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b00103","article-title":"Impacts of urban expansion on terrestrial carbon storage in China","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111795","article-title":"Water-related ecosystems\u2019 mapping and assessment based on remote sensing techniques and geospatial analysis: The SWOS national service case of the greek Ramsar sites and their catchments","volume":"245","author":"Fitoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-101718-033129","article-title":"Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal and their impacts on ecosystem services and the sustainable development goals","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2024, November 16). Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the Protection of Wetlands, Available online: https:\/\/www.mee.gov.cn\/ywgz\/fgbz\/fl\/202112\/t20211227_965347.shtml."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162824","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of wetland changes on carbon storage in coastal urban agglomerations from 1990 to 2035 in support of SDG15.1","volume":"877","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z.Q., Sharifi, A., Dong, X., Shen, L.D., and He, B.J. (2021). Spatial variability and temporal heterogeneity of surface urban heat island patterns and the suitability of local climate zones for land surface temperature characterization. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214338"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2012.06.006","article-title":"Carbon emissions and the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics","volume":"4","author":"Houghton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.002","article-title":"Modelling the potential impacts of urban ecosystem changes on carbon storage under different scenarios by linking the CLUE-S and the InVEST models","volume":"345","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.03.030","article-title":"An assessment of forest biomass carbon storage and ecological compensation based on surface area: A case study of Hubei Province, China","volume":"90","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.04.005","article-title":"Effect of land use change on ecosystem services in Lake Balaton Catchment","volume":"80","author":"Nagy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/03736245.2010.480842","article-title":"Climate change 2007: The physical science basis","volume":"92","author":"Landman","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Afr. Geogr. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Huang, X.J., Chuai, X.W., Yang, H., Lai, L., and Tan, J.Z. (2015). Impact of land use type conversion on carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: A spatial-temporal perspective. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10233"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2024, November 16). Special Report: Special Report on Climate Change and Land. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/srccl\/."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.221","article-title":"Spatiotemporal assessment and trade-offs of multiple ecosystem services based on land use changes in Zengcheng China","volume":"609","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2024, November 16). Natural Capital Project, 2024. InVEST 0.0. Stanford University, University of Minnesota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, Stockholm Resilience Centre and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Available online: https:\/\/naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu\/software\/invest."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123333","article-title":"Assessment and prediction of carbon sequestration using markov chain and InVEST model in sariska Tiger Reserve India","volume":"278","author":"Babbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109178","article-title":"Land use\/land cover change and its impact on ecosystem carbon storage in coastal areas of China from 1980 to 2050","volume":"142","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.01.020","article-title":"Impacts of urbanization on carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States","volume":"164","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, M.Y., Dehua Mao, D.H., Wang, Z.M., Li, L., Man, W.D., Jia, M.M., Ren, C.Y., and Zhang, Y.Z. (2018). Rapid invasion of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal zone of mainland China: New observations from Landsat OLI images. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121933"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/514434c","article-title":"Open access to earth land-cover map","volume":"514","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7330-6","article-title":"Spatio-temporal simulation and prediction of land-use change using conventional and machine learning models: A re-view. Environ","volume":"191","author":"Aburas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101569","article-title":"Understanding the drivers of sustainable land expansion using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model: A cas study in Wuhan, China","volume":"85","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban. Syst."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117230","article-title":"Ecological compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on ecosystem services flow","volume":"331","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257258","article-title":"Ecosystems management rethinking China\u2019s new great wall","volume":"346","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104957","article-title":"Land use changes in the coastal zone of China\u2019s Hebei Province and the corresponding impacts on habitat quality","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2024, November 16). The Convention on Wetlands. Available online: https:\/\/www.ramsar.org\/."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2024, November 16). Classification of Wetlands (GB\/T 24708-2009), Available online: https:\/\/std.samr.gov.cn\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gale, S., and Olsson, G. (1979). Cellular Geography. Philosophy in Geography. Theory and Decision Library (An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences), Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9394-5"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.09.019","article-title":"A future land use simulation model (FLUS) for simulating multiple land use scenarios by coupling human and natural effects","volume":"168","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-009-9355-7","article-title":"Combining top-down and bottom-up dynamics in land use modeling: Exploring the future of abandoned farmlands in Europe with the Dyna-CLUE model","volume":"24","author":"Verburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.275","article-title":"Spatio-temporal and cumulative effects of land use-land cover and climate change on two ecosystem services in the Colombian Andes","volume":"685","author":"Clerici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601063","article-title":"Carbon emissions from land-use change and management in China between 1990 and 2010","volume":"2","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16923","article-title":"China\u2019s wetland soil organic carbon pool: New estimation on pool size, change, and trajectory","volume":"29","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2012.10.002","article-title":"Tree biomass and soil organic carbon densities across the Sudanese woodland savannah: A regional carbon sequestration study","volume":"89","author":"Alam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Arid. Environments."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"5148","article-title":"Total belowground carbon allocation in China\u2019s forests","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sinica"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2100508","article-title":"Dynamic simulation of landscape ecological risk in mountain towns based on PLUS model","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang AF University"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112783","article-title":"Landscape pattern change simulations in Tibet based on the combination of the SSP-RCP scenarios","volume":"292","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2022.126599","article-title":"Projection of suitability for the typical agro- ecological types in Central Asia under four SSP-RCP scenarios","volume":"140","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108499","article-title":"Dynamic simulation of land use change and assessment of carbon storage based on climate change scenarios at the city level: A case study of Bortala, China","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-5425-2020","article-title":"Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850-2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6","volume":"13","author":"Hurtt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geosci. Model. Dev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nwaa296","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa296","article-title":"Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1890\/110004","article-title":"A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2","volume":"9","author":"McLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.03.021","article-title":"Annual emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from a temperate peat bog: Comparison of an undrained and four drained sites under permanent grass and arable crop rotations with cereals and potato","volume":"256\u2013257","author":"Kandel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.009","article-title":"Conversions between natural wetlands and farmland in China: A multiscale geospatial analysis","volume":"634","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0527.1","article-title":"Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses","volume":"22","author":"Morse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14933","article-title":"Conversion of coastal wetlands, riparian wetlands, and peatlands increases greenhouse gas emissions: A global meta- analysis","volume":"26","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2013.04.021","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from a Danish riparian wetland before and after restoration","volume":"57","author":"Audet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-014-0410-z","article-title":"Riparian land-use and rehabilitation: Impact on organic matter input and soil respiration","volume":"55","author":"Oelbermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14774","article-title":"Effect of land- use and land- cover change on mangrove blue carbon: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Sasmito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15671","article-title":"Anthropogenic disturbances caused declines in the wetland area and carbon pool in China during the last four decades","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-019-1583-4","article-title":"Increased soil organic carbon storage in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems from the 1980s to the 2010s","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"17","article-title":"Urban form, land use, and cover change and their impact on carbon emissions in the Monterrey Metropolitan area","volume":"39","author":"Carpio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mexico. Urban. Clim."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"87","article-title":"Prediction of land use change and its influence on carbon stocks in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River","volume":"39","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"138","article-title":"Indirect impacts of land use change on soil organic carbon change in China","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.07.055","article-title":"Effects of land use and cover change on terrestrial carbon stocks in urbanized areas: A study from Changzhou, China","volume":"103","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107770","article-title":"Land-use changes lead to a decrease in carbon storage in arid regions, China","volume":"127","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"e00567","article-title":"Scenarios of land use and land cover change for NW Amazonia: Impact on forest intactness","volume":"17","author":"Armenteras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142839","article-title":"Carbon loss and removal due to forest disturbance and regeneration in the Amazon","volume":"764","author":"Bullock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127728","article-title":"Predicting carbon emissions, emissions reductions, and carbon removal due to deforestation and plantation forests in Southeast Asia","volume":"312","author":"Sasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.31497\/zrzyxb.20220504","article-title":"Estimation and spatio-temporal divergence of the low-carbon performance of cropland use in China","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natural. Resour."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108445","article-title":"Regional sustainable development strategy based on the coordination between ecology and economy: A case study of Sichuan Province, China","volume":"134","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125399","article-title":"Mix and match: Configuring different types of policy instruments to develop successful low carbon cities in China","volume":"282","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.100936","article-title":"Policy innovation in low carbon pilot cities: Lessons learned from China","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban. CLim."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110474","article-title":"Assessment and prediction of carbon storage based on land use\/land cover dynamics in the coastal area of Shandong Province","volume":"153","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indicators."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106064","article-title":"Exploring the impacts of urban growth on carbon storage under integrated spatial regulation: A case study of Wuhan, China","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"198","article-title":"Effect of paddy field drainage on Carex lasiocarpa mire wetland","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Water Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.879","article-title":"Changes in plant diversity, biomass and soil C, in alpine meadows at different degradation stages in the headwater region of three rivers, China","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Wu, H.F., and Wang, Z.J. (2014). Analysis on spatial and temporal dynamic of biomass of Phragmitesaustralis in Yeya Lake wetland. J. Cap. Norm. Univ., 51\u201355. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2011.05.030","article-title":"Soil organic carbon of degraded wetlands treated with freshwater in the Yellow River Delta, China","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"1594","article-title":"Spatial distribution characteristics of organic carbon in the soil-plant systems in the Yellow river estuary tidal flat wetland","volume":"31","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"224","article-title":"Remote sensing inversion of aboveground biomass over the Honghe wetland","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"145","article-title":"On the relation between carbon storage and reinforced fixation of the coastal wetland vegetation in the Yellow River delta area","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Saf. Environ."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Zhang, W., Cao, J., Shen, H., Zeng, X., Yu, Z., and Zhao, X. (2013). Carbon storages in plantation ecosystems in sand source areas of north Beijing, China. PloS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082208"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Wang, S.F. (2011). Spatial Variability and Influencing Factors of Regional Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in the Upstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, North China. [Ph.D. Thesis, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in upstream watershed of Miyun reservoir in north China","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soils"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Yu, Y. (2014). Estimation of soil density and storage in Honghe nature reserve. Mod. Econ. Inf., 393. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"994","article-title":"Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in mountain swamps of eastern Jilin Province","volume":"34","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"659","article-title":"Distribution and accumulation of organic carbon in typical annular wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain","volume":"37","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wu, H., and Wang, J. (2019). Plant biomass and soil organic carbon are main factors influencing dry-season ecosystem carbon rates in the coastal zone of the Yellow River delta. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210768"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, X., Wang, L., and Dun, M. (2014). The accumulation and seasonal dynamic of the soil organic carbon in wetland of the Yellow River estuary, China. J. Chem., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/408923"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201100511","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon in newborn coastal wetlands of the Yellow River delta estuary","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clean-Soil Air Water"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.10.058","article-title":"Effects of water and salinity regulation measures on soil carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands of the Yellow River delta","volume":"319","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107023","article-title":"Current and future potential soil organic carbon stocks of vegetated coastal ecosystems and their controls in the Bohai Rim Region, China","volume":"225","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"198","article-title":"Dataset of Carbon Storage in Tibetan Ecosystem from 2001 to 2010","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Change Data Discov."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/23\/4428\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:40:01Z","timestamp":1760114401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/23\/4428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16234428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16234428","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]}}}