{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T19:11:13Z","timestamp":1772737873529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["CUP H73C22000300001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H73C22000300001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["CUP H55F21001490001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H55F21001490001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research","award":["CUP H73C22000300001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H73C22000300001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research","award":["CUP H55F21001490001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H55F21001490001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban settlements can support significant biodiversity and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Remote sensing (RS) offers valuable tools for monitoring and conserving urban biodiversity. Our research, funded by the Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan (National Biodiversity Future Centre\u2014Urban Biodiversity), undertakes a systematic scientific review to assess the current status and future prospects of urban biodiversity evaluation using RS. An extensive literature search of indexed peer-reviewed papers published between 2008 and 2023 was conducted on the Scopus database, using a selective choice of keywords. After screening the titles, abstracts, and keywords of 500 articles, 117 relevant papers were retained for meta-data analysis. Our analysis incorporated technical (e.g., sensor, platform, algorithm), geographic (e.g., country, city extent, population) and ecological (biodiversity target, organization level, biome) meta-data, examining their frequencies, temporal trends (Generalized Linear Model\u2014GLM), and covariations (Cramer\u2019s V). The rise in publications over time is linked to the increased availability of imagery, enhanced computing power, and growing awareness of the importance of urban biodiversity. Most research focused on the Northern Hemisphere and large metropolitan areas, with smaller cities often overlooked. Consequently, data coverage is predominantly concentrated on Mediterranean and temperate habitats, with limited attention given to boreal, desert, and tropical biomes. A strong association was observed between the source of RS data (e.g., satellite missions), pixel size, and the purpose of its use (e.g., modeling, detection). This research provides a comprehensive summary of RS applications for evaluating urban biodiversity with a focus on the biomes studied, biodiversity targets, and ecological organization levels. This work can provide information on where future studies should focus their efforts on the study of urban biodiversity using remote sensing instruments in the coming years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T08:24:14Z","timestamp":1732868654000},"page":"4483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Remote Sensing for Urban Biodiversity: A Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Finizio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy"},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7026-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Pontieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5024-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Bottaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Di Febbraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Innangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Sona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5753-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy"},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29324-2","article-title":"Global Impacts of Future Urban Expansion on Terrestrial Vertebrate Diversity","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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