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In recent years, with global warming and increasing precipitation on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, permafrost degradation has become severe, further exacerbating the fragility of the ecological environment. Therefore, timely research on surface deformation and the freeze\u2013thaw patterns of alpine permafrost in the Qilian Mountains is imperative. This study employs Sentinel-1A SAR data and the SBAS-InSAR technique to monitor surface deformation in the alpine permafrost regions of the Qilian Mountains from 2017 to 2023. A method for spatiotemporal interpolation of ascending and descending orbit results is proposed to calculate two-dimensional surface deformation fields further. Moreover, by constructing a dynamic periodic deformation model, the study more accurately summarizes the regular changes in permafrost freeze\u2013thaw and the trends in seasonal deformation amplitudes. The results indicate that the surface deformation time series in both vertical and east\u2013west directions obtained using this method show significant improvements in accuracy over the initial data, allowing for a more precise reflection of the dynamic processes of surface deformation in the study area. Subsidence is predominant in permafrost areas, while uplift mainly occurs in seasonally frozen ground areas near lakes and streams. The average vertical deformation rate is 1.56 mm\/a, with seasonal amplitudes reaching 35 mm. Topographical (elevation; slope gradient; aspect) and climatic factors (temperature; soil moisture; precipitation) play key roles in deformation patterns. The deformation of permafrost follows five distinct phases: summer thawing; warm-season stability; frost heave; winter cooling; and spring thawing. This study enhances our understanding of permafrost deformation characteristics in high-latitude and high-altitude regions, providing a reference for preventing geological disasters in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau area and offering theoretical guidance for regional ecological environmental protection and infrastructure safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16234595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T10:11:47Z","timestamp":1733739107000},"page":"4595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Study on Soil Freeze\u2013Thaw and Surface Deformation Patterns in the Qilian Mountains Alpine Permafrost Region Using SBAS-InSAR Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zelong","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5197-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangmin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2945","article-title":"Decadal Soil Carbon Accumulation across Tibetan Permafrost Regions","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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