{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:20:53Z","timestamp":1774383653379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018540","name":"Gdynia Maritime University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WN\/2024\/PZ\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WN\/2024\/PZ\/05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This technical note aims to present a method for developing a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the coastal zone based on topobathymetric data from remote sensors. This research was conducted in the waterbody adjacent to the Vistula \u015amia\u0142a River mouth in Gda\u0144sk, which is characterised by dynamic changes in its seabed topography. Bathymetric and topographic measurements were conducted using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and two hydrographic methods (a Single-Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) and a manual survey using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver). The result of this research was the development of a topobathymetric chart based on data recorded by the above-mentioned sensors. It should be emphasised that bathymetric data for the shallow waterbody (less than 1 m deep) were obtained based on high-resolution photos taken by a UAV. They were processed using the \u201cDepth Prediction\u201d plug-in based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm, which was implemented in the QGIS software as part of the INNOBAT project. This plug-in allowed us to generate a dense cloud of depth points for a shallow waterbody. Research has shown that the developed DTM of the coastal zone based on topobathymetric data from remote sensors is characterised by high accuracy of 0.248 m (p = 0.95) and high coverage of the seabed with measurements. Based on the research conducted, it should be concluded that the proposed method for developing a DTM of the coastal zone based on topobathymetric data from remote sensors allows the accuracy requirements provided in the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Special Order (depth error \u2264 0.25 m (p = 0.95)) to be met in shallow waterbodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1733829440000},"page":"4626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Method for Developing a Digital Terrain Model of the Coastal Zone Based on Topobathymetric Data from Remote Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Specht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport and Logistics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Wi\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Technology Ltd., Wiktora Roszczynialskiego 4-6, 81-521 Gdynia, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bathymetric Mapping for Safe Navigation: A Case Study of Part of Lagos Lagoon","volume":"14","author":"Herbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. 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