{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:55:26Z","timestamp":1762876526598,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province","award":["KJRC2023C11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJRC2023C11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) alters ocean\u2013atmosphere carbon exchange, but the mechanisms by which it affects the air\u2013sea carbon flux (FCO2) remain unclear. Here, we used gridded FCO2 data from 2003 to 2021 to elucidate the control processes and regional differences in the influence of the ENSO on FCO2 in the mid\u2013low latitude Pacific Ocean. Overall, the mid\u2013low latitude Pacific Ocean region was a net sink for CO2, with an average uptake rate of \u22120.39 molC\u00b7m\u22122\u00b7year\u22121. Specifically, during the La Ni\u00f1a period in 2010\u20132012, the absorption rate decreased by 15.38%, while during the El Ni\u00f1o period in 2015\u20132016, it increased by 30.77%. El Ni\u00f1o (La Ni\u00f1a) suppressed (promoted) biological primary production in the North Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon uptake. El Ni\u00f1o (La Ni\u00f1a) also inhibited (promoted) physical vertical mixing in the Equatorial Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon emissions. In the South Pacific, however, El Ni\u00f1o increased carbon uptake and La Ni\u00f1a decreased carbon uptake; although, not by these two processes. More frequent El Ni\u00f1o in the future will further reduce carbon absorption in the North Pacific and carbon emission in the Equatorial Pacific but increase carbon absorption in the South Pacific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1733992592000},"page":"4652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-5867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhao","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maohong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5490.291","article-title":"The global carbon cycle: A test of our knowledge of earth as a system","volume":"290","author":"Falkowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00381-x","article-title":"Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink","volume":"4","author":"Gruber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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