{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:24:38Z","timestamp":1775024678070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42071378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071378"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42172328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42172328"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024JJ2071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ2071"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KF-2022-07-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF-2022-07-021"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","award":["42071378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071378"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","award":["42172328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42172328"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","award":["2024JJ2071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ2071"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","award":["KF-2022-07-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF-2022-07-021"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["42071378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071378"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["42172328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42172328"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["2024JJ2071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ2071"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["KF-2022-07-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF-2022-07-021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploring NPP changes and their corresponding drivers is significant for the achievement of sustainable ecosystem management and in addressing climate change. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal variation in NPP and analyze the effects of vegetation and climate change on the global NPP from 2003 to 2020. Methodologically, the Theil\u2013Sen and Mann\u2013Kendall methods were used to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of global NPP change. Moreover, a ridge regression model was built by selecting the vegetation indicators of the leaf area index (LAI) and fraction vegetation coverage (FVC) and the climate factors of CO2, shortwave downward solar radiation (Rsd), precipitation (P), and temperature (T). Then, the relative contributions of each factor were evaluated. The results showed that, over the previous two decades, the global mean NPP reached 503.43 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121, with a fluctuating upward trend of 1.52 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121. The regions with a significant increase in NPP (9.22 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121) were mainly located in Central Africa, while the regions with decreasing NPP (\u22123.21 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121) were primarily in the Amazon Rainforest in northern South America. Additionally, CO2, the LAI, and the FVC exhibited positive contributions to the NPP trend, with the predominant factors being CO2 (relative contribution of 32.22%) and the LAI (relative contribution of 21.96%). In contrast, the contributions of Rsd and precipitation were relatively low (&lt;10%). In addition, the contributions varied at different land cover and climate zone scales. The CO2, LAI, FVC, and temperature were the predominant factors affecting NPP across the vegetation types. At the scale of climate zones, CO2 was the predominant factor influencing changes in vegetation NPP. As the climate gradually transitioned towards temperate and cold regions, the contribution of the LAI to NPP increased. The findings of this study help to clarify the effects of vegetation and climate change on the ecosystem, providing theoretical support for ecological environmental protection and other related initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:08:53Z","timestamp":1734343733000},"page":"4692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detection of the Contribution of Vegetation Change to Global Net Primary Productivity: A Satellite Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Shihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7930-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jixian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108834","article-title":"Assessment of the variation and influencing factors of vegetation NPP and carbon sink capacity under different natural conditions","volume":"138","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. 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