{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1776442768857,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42301436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024K2A9A2A06008901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024K2A9A2A06008901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42301436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024K2A9A2A06008901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024K2A9A2A06008901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precipitation plays a key control in the water, energy, and carbon cycles, and it is also an important driving force for land surface modeling. This study provides an optimal least squares merging approach to merge precipitation data sets from multiple sources for an accurate daily precipitation estimate in Northeast China (NEC). Precipitation estimates from satellite-based IMERG and SM2RAIN-ASCAT, as well as reanalysis data from MERRA-2, were used in this study. The triple collocation (TC) approach was used to quantify the error uncertainties in each input data set, which are associated with the weights assigned to each data set in the merging procedure. The results revealed that IMERG provides a better consistency with the other two input data sets and thus was more relied on during the merging process. The accuracy of both SM2RAIN-ASCAT and MERRA-2 showed obvious spatio-temporal patterns due to their retrieval algorithms and resolution limits. The merged TC-based daily precipitation provides the highest correlation coefficient with ground-based measurements (R = 0.52), suggesting its capability to represent the temporal variation in daily precipitation. However, it largely overestimated the precipitation intensity in the summer, leading to a large positive bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1734413162000},"page":"4703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Improving Daily Precipitation Estimates by Merging Satellite and Reanalysis Data in Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaohong","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Songliao Basin, Songliao Water Resources Commission, Changchun 130021, China"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}]},{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9075","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-15-9075-2022","article-title":"The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII Climate Assessment of Mitigation Pathways: From Emissions to Global Temperatures","volume":"15","author":"Kikstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geosci. 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