{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:46:46Z","timestamp":1783788406743,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V022792\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V022792\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"a UK Research and Innovation Future Leader Fellowship","award":["04808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04808"]}]},{"name":"a UK Research and Innovation Future Leader Fellowship","award":["MR\/V022792\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V022792\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite-derived observations of ocean colour provide continuous data on chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) at global scales but are limited to the ocean\u2019s surface. So far, biogeochemical models have been the only means of generating continuous vertically resolved Chl-a profiles on a regular grid. MULTIOBS is a multi-observations oceanographic dataset that provides depth-resolved biological data based on merged satellite- and Argo-derived in situ hydrological data. This product is distributed by the European Union\u2019s Copernicus Marine Service and offers global multiyear, gridded Chl-a profiles within the ocean\u2019s productive zone at a weekly temporal resolution. MULTIOBS addresses the scarcity of observation-based vertically resolved Chl-a datasets, particularly in less sampled regions like the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). Here, we conduct an independent evaluation of the MULTIOBS dataset in the oligotrophic waters of the EMS using in situ Chl-a profiles. Our analysis shows that this product accurately and precisely retrieves Chl-a across depths, with a slight 1% overestimation and an observed 1.5-fold average deviation between in situ data and MULTIOBS estimates. The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is adequately estimated by MULTIOBS both in terms of positioning (root mean square error, RMSE = 13 m) and in terms of Chl-a (RMSE = 0.09 mg m\u22123). The product accurately reproduces the seasonal variability of Chl-a and it performs reasonably well in reflecting its interannual variability across various depths within the productive layer (0\u2013120 m) of the EMS. We conclude that MULTIOBS is a valuable dataset providing vertically resolved Chl-a data, enabling a holistic understanding of euphotic zone-integrated Chl-a with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution spanning 25 years, which is essential for elucidating long-term trends and variability in oceanic primary productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1734413162000},"page":"4705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating MULTIOBS Chlorophyll-a with Ground-Truth Observations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7329-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Livanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Sauz\u00e8de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Psarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7469-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manolis","family":"Mandalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Dall\u2019Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics\u2014OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42\/c, Sgonico, 34010 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J. W.","family":"Brewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dionysios E.","family":"Raitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor, F., Valiente, J.A., and Khodayar, S. (2020). A Warming Mediterranean: 38 Years of Increasing Sea Surface Temperature. 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