{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:31:48Z","timestamp":1781879508928,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61831009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61831009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024Z073077002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Z073077002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61831009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61831009"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62371479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371479"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024Z073077002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Z073077002"]}]},{"name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","award":["61831009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61831009"]}]},{"name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","award":["62371479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371479"]}]},{"name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","award":["2024Z073077002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Z073077002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation plays a critical role in remote sensing, where it aids in identifying and tracking multiple targets across complex environments, from atmospheric monitoring to resource mapping. Leveraging difference covariance array (DCA) for DOA estimation has become prevalent, particularly with sparse arrays capable of resolving more targets than the number of sensors. This paper proposes a new hole-free sparse array configuration for remote sensing applications to achieve improved DOA estimation performance using DCA. By symmetrically placing a minimum redundancy array (MRA) and its complementary MRA on both sides of a sparse uniform linear array (ULA), this configuration maximizes degrees of freedom (DOFs) and minimizes mutual coupling effects. Expressions for calculating sensor positions and optimal element allocation methods to maximize DOFs are derived. Simulation experiments in various scenarios have shown the advantages of the proposed array in DOA estimation, including a strong ability to estimate multi-targets, high angular resolution, low estimation error, and strong robustness to mutual coupling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1734423420000},"page":"4711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hole-Free Symmetric Complementary Sparse Array Design for High-Precision DOA Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring and Information Processing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring and Information Processing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9101-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring and Information Processing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingpeng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring and Information Processing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0464","article-title":"Overview of frequency diverse array in radar and navigation applications","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Radar Sens. 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