{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T05:51:53Z","timestamp":1770011513854,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In light of rapid global urbanisation, monitoring and mapping of urban and population growth is of great importance. Population growth in Sana\u2019a was investigated for this reason. The capital of the Republic of Yemen is a rapidly growing middle sized city where the population doubles almost every ten years. Satellite data from four different sensors were used to explore urban growth in Sana\u2019a between 1989 and 2007, assisted by topographic maps and cadastral vector data. The analysis was conducted by delineating the built-up areas from the various optical satellite data, applying a fuzzy-rule-based composition of anisotropic textural measures and interactive thresholding. The resulting datasets were used to analyse urban growth and changes in built-up density per district, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, using a geographic information system. The built-up area increased by 87 % between 1989 and 2007. Built-up density has increased in all areas, but particularly in the northern and southern suburban districts, also reflecting the natural barrier of surrounding mountain ranges. Based on long-term population figures, geometric population growth was assumed. This hypothesis was used together with census data for 1994 and 2004 to estimate population figures for 1989 and 2007, resulting in overall growth of about 240%. By joining population figures to district boundaries, the spatial patterns of population distribution and growth were examined. Further, urban built-up growth and population changes over time were brought into relation in order to investigate changes in population density per built-up area. Population densities increased in all districts, with the greatest density change in the peripheral areas towards the North. The results reflect the pressure on the city\u2019s infrastructure and natural resources and could contribute to sustainable urban planning in the city of Sana\u2019a.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2041014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T10:55:35Z","timestamp":1270637735000},"page":"1014-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Population Growth and Its Expression in Spatial Built-up Patterns: The Sana\u2019a, Yemen Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Gunter","family":"Zeug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Global Security and Crisis Management, ISFEREA, Via E. Fermi, TP 267, Ispra (VA), I-21027, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Development and Environment, Institute of Geography, University of Berne, Hallerstrasse 10, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Available online: http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unup\/index.asp."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"CSO (2007). Statistical Year Book 2006, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Hove vom, T. Available online: http:\/\/www.citymayors.com\/statistics\/urban_growth1.html."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"23","article-title":"Stadtplanung Sanaa","volume":"24","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jemen-Report"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"38","article-title":"Jemenitischer Exodus in Saudi-Arabien. 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