{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1784202613903,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]],"date-time":"2010-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The static calibration and analysis of the Velodyne HDL-64E S2 scanning LiDAR system is presented and analyzed. The mathematical model for measurements for the HDL-64E S2 scanner is derived and discussed. A planar feature based least squares adjustment approach is presented and utilized in a minimally constrained network in order to derive an optimal solution for the laser\u2019s internal calibration parameters. Finally, the results of the adjustment along with a detailed examination of the adjustment residuals are given. A three-fold improvement in the planar misclosure residual RMSE over the standard factory calibration model was achieved by the proposed calibration. Results also suggest that there may still be some unmodelled distortions in the range measurements from the scanner. However, despite this, the overall precision of the adjusted laser scanner data appears to make it a viable choice for high accuracy mobile scanning applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2061610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]],"date-time":"2010-06-22T11:07:11Z","timestamp":1277204831000},"page":"1610-1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Static Calibration and Analysis of the Velodyne HDL-64E S2 for High Accuracy Mobile Scanning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Glennie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Terrapoint USA Inc, 25216 Grogans Park Drive, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek D.","family":"Lichti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cheung, H. Spinning laser maker is the real winner of the Urban Challenge. Available online: http:\/\/www.tgdaily.com\/trendwatch-features\/34750-spinning-laser-maker-is-the-real-winner-of-the-urban-challenge."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"High Definition LiDAR, Velodyne. Available online: http:\/\/www.velodyne.com\/lidar\/products\/brochure\/HDL64E%20S2%20datasheet_2010_lowres.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3141\/2105-17","article-title":"Kinematic terrestrial light-detection and ranging system for scanning","volume":"2105","author":"Glennie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record: J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1515\/jag.2007.017","article-title":"Rigorous 3D error analysis of kinematic scanning LIDAR systems","volume":"1","author":"Glennie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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[5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Kuang, S. (1996). Geodetic Network Analysis and Optimal Design: Concepts and Applications, Ann Arbor Press."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1179\/003962608X291031","article-title":"Reflectorless total station self-calibration","volume":"40","author":"Lichti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Survey Review"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/2\/6\/1610\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1760220165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/2\/6\/1610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs2061610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs2061610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]]}}}