{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:22:47Z","timestamp":1772086967766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]],"date-time":"2010-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada, California (1853\u20131884) displaced ~1.1 billion m3 of sediment from upland placer gravels that were deposited along piedmont rivers below dams where floods can remobilize them. This study uses topographic and planimetric data from detailed 1906 topographic maps, 1999 photogrammetric data, and pre- and post-flood aerial photographs to document historic sediment erosion and deposition along the lower Yuba River due to individual floods at the reach scale. Differencing of 3 \u00d7 3-m topographic data indicates substantial changes in channel morphology and documents 12.6 \u00d7 106 m3 of erosion and 5.8 \u00d7 106 m3 of deposition in these reaches since 1906. Planimetric and volumetric measurements document spatial and temporal variations of channel enlargement and lateral migration. Over the last century, channels incised up to ~13 m into mining sediments, which dramatically decreased local flood frequencies and increased flood conveyance. These adjustments were punctuated by event-scale geomorphic changes that redistributed sediment and associated contaminants to downstream lowlands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2071797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T07:26:17Z","timestamp":1279610777000},"page":"1797-1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Channel and Floodplain Change Analysis over a 100-Year Period: Lower Yuba River, California"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Subhajit","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, 709 Bull Street, Columbia, SC-29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Allan","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, 709 Bull Street, Columbia, SC-29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AL, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Computational Earth System Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 91306-3060, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Aalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-555X(92)90039-Q","article-title":"A genetic classification of floodplains","volume":"4","author":"Nanson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolman, M.G., and Leopold, L.B. (1957). River Flood Plains: Some Observations on Their Formation, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1957, 282c.","DOI":"10.3133\/pp282C"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1637","article-title":"Optical remote mapping of rivers at sub-meter resolutions and watershed extents","volume":"33","author":"Marcus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133309355631","article-title":"Understanding sediment transfer and morphological change for managing upland gravel-bed rivers","volume":"34","author":"Raven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geog."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(99)00023-9","article-title":"Quantifying geomorphic and riparian land cover changes either side of a large flood event using airborn remote sensing: River Tay, Scotland","volume":"29","author":"Bryant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Thomas, W.L. (1955). Man\u2019s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Klingeman, P.C., Beschta, R.L., Komar, P.D., and Bradley, J.B. (1998). Gravel-bed Rivers in the Environment, Water Resources Publications."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, R.E., Drake, N.A., and Barr, S.L. (2004). Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470094001"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9837(200009)25:10<1123::AID-ESP122>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Bed material transport estimated from channel morphodynamics: Chilliwack River, BC","volume":"25","author":"Ham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0341-8162(02)00046-2","article-title":"Stability of an upland gravel-bed stream, Swinhope Burn, Northern England","volume":"49","author":"Warburton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1646(200003\/04)16:2<141::AID-RRR574>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Gross channel changes along the Durance River, southern France, over the last 100 years using cartographic data","volume":"16","author":"Warner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul. River. Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2004.09.034","article-title":"Quantifying downstream impacts of impoundment on flow regime and channel planform, lower Trinity River, Texas","volume":"69","author":"Wellmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wheaton, J.M., Brasington, J., Darby, S.E., and Sear, D.A. (2009). Accounting for uncertainty in DEMs from repeat topographic surveys: improved sediment budgets. ESPL.","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1886"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(02)00320-3","article-title":"Methodological sensitivity of morphometric estimates of coarse fluvial sediment transport","volume":"53","author":"Brasington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2004.02.016","article-title":"Sediment from hydraulic mining detained by Englebright and small dams in the Yuba Basin","volume":"71","author":"James","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert, G.K. (1917). Hydraulic-Mining Debris in the Sierra Nevada, USGS. U.S. Geol. Survey Professional Paper 108.","DOI":"10.3133\/pp105"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00277.x","article-title":"Sustained storage and transport of hydraulic mining sediment in the Bear River, California","volume":"79","author":"James","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals Assn. Amer. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James, L.A., Rathburn, S.L., and Whittecar, G.R. (2009). Management and Restoration of Fluvial Systems with Broad Historical Changes and Human Impacts, Book News, Inc.. GSA Special Paper 451.","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE451"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:3(104)","article-title":"Status of the lower Sacramento Valley flood-control system within the context of its natural geomorphic setting","volume":"9","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Childs, J.R., Snyder, N.P., and Hampton, M.A. (2003). Bathymetric and Geophysical Surveys of Englebright Lake, Yuba-Nevada Counties, California, USGS. Open File Report 03-383.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr03383"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W11301","DOI":"10.1029\/2004WR003279","article-title":"Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California","volume":"40","author":"Snyder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"ASTER data distributed by NASA \/GSFC\/METI\/ERSDAC\/JAROS and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team. Available online: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:YubaRiverSlickens_ASTER_2001aug29.jpg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stonestreet, S.E., and Lee, A.S. (,  2000). Use of LIDAR mapping for floodplain studies, in Building Partnerships. Proceedings of 2000 Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering, Planning, and Management, Minneapolis, MN, USA.","DOI":"10.1061\/40517(2000)58"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Towill, Inc. (2006). Topographic surveys of the Lower Feather and Bear Rivers for the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins Comprehensive Study, California, Contract No.: DACW05-99-D-0005 for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2003). USACE. Contract DECW05-99-D-0010."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"California Debris Commission (CDC) Map of the Yuba River, California from the Narrows to its mouth in the Feather River, Made under direction of Major Wm. W. Harts; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, by G. G. McDaniel, Jr., August to November 1906; 1:9600."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Tummers, B. DataThief III. Shareware Software DataThief III. Available online: http:\/\/datathief.org\/."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Available online: http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/usdahome."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1725","article-title":"Floodplain development in an engineered setting","volume":"34","author":"Singer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/2\/7\/1797\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:02:57Z","timestamp":1760220177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/2\/7\/1797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["rs2071797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs2071797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]]}}}