{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:42:17Z","timestamp":1775752937186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Landsat MSS and ETM+ images were analyzed to detect 25-year land-cover change (1976\u20132001) in the critical Taguibo Watershed in Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines. This watershed has experienced historical modifications of its land-cover due to the presence of logging industries in the 1950s, and continuous deforestation due to illegal logging and slash-and-burn agriculture in the present time. To estimate the impacts of land-cover change on watershed runoff, land-cover information derived from the Landsat images was utilized to parameterize a GIS-based hydrologic model. The model was then calibrated with field-measured discharge data and used to simulate the responses of the watershed in its year 2001 and year 1976 land-cover conditions. The availability of land-cover information on the most recent state of the watershed from the Landsat ETM+ image made it possible to locate areas for rehabilitation such as barren and logged-over areas. We then created a \u201crehabilitated\u201d land-cover condition map of the watershed (re-forestation of logged-over areas and agro-forestation of barren areas) and used it to parameterize the model and predict the runoff responses of the watershed. Model results showed that changes in land-cover from 1976 to 2001 were directly related to the significant increase in surface runoff. Runoff predictions showed that a full rehabilitation of the watershed, especially in barren and logged-over areas, will be likely to reduce the generation of a huge volume of runoff during rainfall events. The results of this study have demonstrated the usefulness of multi-temporal Landsat images in detecting land-cover change, in identifying areas for rehabilitation, and in evaluating rehabilitation strategies for management of tropical watersheds through its use in hydrologic modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3061067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T10:58:16Z","timestamp":1306407496000},"page":"1067-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Integrated Landsat Image Analysis and Hydrologic Modeling to Detect Impacts of 25-Year Land-Cover Change on Surface Runoff in a Philippine Watershed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jojene","family":"Santillan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Geodesy and Space Technology Research Laboratory, The Training Center forApplied Geodesy and Photogrammetry, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines,Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriam","family":"Makinano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Information Technology, Caraga State University, Ampayon,Butuan City 8600, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Paringit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Geodesy and Space Technology Research Laboratory, The Training Center forApplied Geodesy and Photogrammetry, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines,Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2006.06.023","article-title":"Land-use forecasting and hydrologic model integration for improved land-use decision support","volume":"84","author":"McColl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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