{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:38:34Z","timestamp":1781303914101,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]],"date-time":"2011-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring mine waste from sulfide deposits by hyperspectral remote sensing can be used to predict surface water quality by quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. In addition, analysis of the mineralogy of surface crusts rich in soluble salts can provide a record of annual humidity and temperature. In fact, temporal monitoring of salt efflorescence from mine wastes at a mine site in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Huelva, Spain) has been achieved using hyperspectral airborne Hymap data. Furthermore, climate variability estimates are possible based on oxidation stages derived from well-known sequences of minerals, by tracing sulfide oxidation intensity using archive spectral libraries. Thus, airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing data can be used to provide a short-term record of climate change, and represent a useful set of tools for assessing environmental geoindicators in semi-arid areas. Spectral and geomorphological indicators can be monitored on a regular basis through image processing, supported by field and laboratory spectral data. In fact, hyperspectral image analysis is one of the methods selected by the Joint Research Centre of the European Community (Ispra, Italy) to study abandoned mine sites, in order to assess the enforcement of the European Mine Waste Directive (2006\/21\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 15 March 2006) on the management of waste from extractive industries (Official Journal of the European Union, 11 April 2006). The pyrite belt in Andalucia has been selected as one of the core mission test sites for the PECOMINES II program (Cracow, November 2005), using imaging spectroscopy; and this technique is expected to be implemented as a monitoring tool by the Environmental Net of Andaluc\u00eda (REDIAM, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, Spain).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3102166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,17]],"date-time":"2011-10-17T02:21:31Z","timestamp":1318818091000},"page":"2166-2186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Monitoring the Extent of Contamination from Acid Mine Drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain) Using Hyperspectral Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Asuncion","family":"Riaza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), La Calera 1, 28760 Tres Cantos, E-28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Buzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), La Calera 1, 28760 Tres Cantos, E-28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Carr\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plan\u00e9tologie et G\u00e9odynamique de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Data Centre, German Aerospace Research (DLR), P.O. Box 1116, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1021\/es990046w","article-title":"Using imaging spectroscopy to map acidic mine waste","volume":"34","author":"Swayze","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"The environmental geology of mineral deposits. Part A: Processes, techniques, health issues","volume":"6A","author":"Plumlee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Zabcic, N., Ong, C., M\u00fcller, A., and Rivard, B. (2005, January 27\u201329). Mapping pH from Airborne Hyperspectral Data at the Sotiel-Migollas Mine; Calanas, Spain. Proceedings of 4th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy 2005, Warsaw, Poland."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Riaza, A., Ong, C., and M\u00fcller, A. 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