{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:57:42Z","timestamp":1789883862519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amazonian forests are extremely heterogeneous at different spatial scales. This review intends to present the large-scale patterns of the ecosystem properties of Amazonia, and focuses on two parts of the main components of the net primary production: the long-lived carbon pools (wood) and short-lived pools (leaves). First, the focus is on forest biophysical properties, and secondly, on the macro-scale leaf phenological patterns of these forests, looking at field measurements and bringing into discussion the recent findings derived from remote sensing dataset. Finally, I discuss the results of the three major droughts that hit Amazonia in the last 15 years. The panorama that emerges from this review suggests that slow growing forests in central and eastern Amazonia, where soils are poorer, have significantly higher above ground biomass and higher wood density, trees are higher and present lower proportions of large-leaved species than stands in northwest and southwest Amazonia. However, the opposite pattern is observed in relation to forest productivity and dynamism, which is higher in western Amazonia than in central and eastern forests. The spatial patterns on leaf phenology across Amazonia are less marked. Field data from different forest formations showed that new leaf production can be unrelated to climate seasonality, timed with radiation, timed with rainfall and\/or river levels. Oppositely, satellite images exhibited a large-scale synchronized peak in new leaf production during the dry season. Satellite data and field measurements bring contrasting results for the 2005 drought. Discussions on data processing and filtering, aerosols effects and a combined analysis with field and satellite images are presented. It is suggested that to improve the understanding of the large-scale patterns on Amazonian forests, integrative analyses that combine new technologies in remote sensing and long-term field ecological data are imperative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4051245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T16:09:10Z","timestamp":1336147750000},"page":"1245-1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biome-Scale Forest Properties in Amazonia Based on Field and Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Liana O.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01120.x","article-title":"Regional variation of above-ground live biomass in old-growth Amazonian forests","volume":"12","author":"Malhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x","article-title":"Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the Amazon basin","volume":"13","author":"Saatchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5374.237","article-title":"Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components","volume":"281","author":"Field","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01906-6","article-title":"Tropical forests and atmospheric carbon dioxide","volume":"15","author":"Malhi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-0477.2004.00874.x","article-title":"Understanding and managing the global carbon cycle","volume":"92","author":"Grace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1890\/03-6003","article-title":"Ecological research in the Large-scale Biosphere\u2013Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia: Early results","volume":"14","author":"Keller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2008.00427.x","article-title":"A program for monitoring biological diversity in the Amazon: An alternative perspective to threat-based monitoring","volume":"40","author":"Magnusson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011794","article-title":"The effect of Amazonian deforestation on the northern hemisphere circulation and climate","volume":"27","author":"Gedney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8087","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000717","article-title":"The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation","volume":"107","author":"Werth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10652-005-0243-7","article-title":"Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emissions in South America","volume":"5","author":"Freitas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05134","article-title":"Continental-scale patterns of canopy tree composition and function across Amazonia","volume":"443","author":"Pitman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-1577-2009","article-title":"Spatial distribution and functional significance of leaf lamina shape in Amazonian forest trees","volume":"6","author":"Malhado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-2677-2009","article-title":"Basin-wide variations in foliar properties of Amazonian forest: Phylogeny, soils and climate","volume":"6","author":"Fyllas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0133045100","article-title":"Cloud cover limits net CO2 uptake and growth of a rainforest tree during tropical rainy seasons","volume":"100","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2007.00270.x","article-title":"The effects of biomass burning aerosols and clouds on the CO2 flux in Amazonia","volume":"59B","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"3993","article-title":"Regional and large-scale patterns in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by variations in soil physical and chemical properties","volume":"6","author":"Quesada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosci. Discuss"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2006.00227.x","article-title":"Detecting tropical forests\u2019 responses to global climatic and atmospheric change: Current challenges and a way forward","volume":"39","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005336724350","article-title":"Greenhouse gases from deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: Net committed emissions","volume":"35","author":"Fearnside","year":"1997","journal-title":"Climate Change"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1126\/science.223.4642.1290","article-title":"Biomass of tropical forests: A new estimate based on forest volumes","volume":"223","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1425","article-title":"Error propagation and scaling for tropical forest biomass estimates","volume":"359","author":"Chave","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/44819","article-title":"Allometric scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants","volume":"401","author":"Enquist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2001.00054.x","article-title":"Linking wood density with tree growth and environment: A theoretical analysis based on the motion of water","volume":"149","author":"Roderick","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1422","article-title":"Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots","volume":"359","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"20","article-title":"Interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific gravity of tropical trees","volume":"36","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.07.022","article-title":"Estimates of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon: New allometric equations and adjustments to biomass from wood-volume inventories","volume":"256","author":"Nogueira","year":"2008","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2007.01343.x","article-title":"Growth and wood density predict tree mortality in Amazon forests","volume":"96","author":"Chao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2004.00751.x","article-title":"Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns in Amazonian forest biomass","volume":"10","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[3197:CCDADI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Character convergence, diversity, and disturbance in tropical rain forest in Guyana","volume":"82","author":"Hammond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00509-6","article-title":"Biomass estimation in the Tapajos National Forest, Brazil: Examination of sampling and allometric uncertainties","volume":"154","author":"Keller","year":"2001","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0100-x","article-title":"Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests","volume":"145","author":"Chave","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"8","article-title":"Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Interciencia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467401001055","article-title":"Estimation of biomass in a Neotropical forest of French Guiana: Spatial and temporal variability","volume":"17","author":"Chave","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00587-4","article-title":"Aboveground biomass and structure of rainforests in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon","volume":"163","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2006.06.024","article-title":"Variation in aboveground tree live biomass in a central Amazonian Forest: Effects of soil and topography","volume":"234","author":"Magnusson","year":"2006","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16911","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900057","article-title":"Continuous fields of vegetation characteristics at the global scale at 1-km resolution","volume":"104","author":"DeFries","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00459-3","article-title":"Biomass burning losses of carbon estimated from ecosystem modelling and satellite data analysis for the Brazilian Amazon region","volume":"35","author":"Potter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160500142145","article-title":"Aboveground biomass estimation using Landsat TM data in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2001.00426.x","article-title":"The spatial distribution of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon: A comparison of estimates","volume":"7","author":"Houghton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01272.x","article-title":"Challenges to estimating carbon emissions from tropical deforestation","volume":"13","author":"Ramankutty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2000)050[0419:SFAATF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Secondary forest age and tropical forest biomass estimation using thematic mapper imagery","volume":"50","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00039-7","article-title":"Predictive relations of tropical forest biomass from Landsat TM data and their transferability between regions","volume":"85","author":"Foody","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x","article-title":"A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing","volume":"6","author":"Defries","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.03.020","article-title":"The BIOMASS mission: Mapping global forest biomass to better understand the terrestrial carbon cycle","volume":"115","author":"Quegan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saatchi, S., Harris, N.L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E.T.A., Salas, W., Zutta, B.R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S.L., and Hagen, S. (2011). Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019576108"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-1883-2009","article-title":"Influence of landscape heterogeneity on spatial patterns of wood productivity, wood specific density and above ground biomass in Amazonia","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/014311697219024","article-title":"Observations on the relationship between SIR-C radar backscatter and the biomass of regenerating tropical forests","volume":"18","author":"Foody","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(97)00133-8","article-title":"Tropical forest biomass density estimation using JERS-1 SAR: Seasonal variation, confidence limits, and application to image mosaics","volume":"63","author":"Luckman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2002.12.001","article-title":"Airborne P-band SAR applied to the aboveground biomass studies in the Brazilian tropical rainforest","volume":"87","author":"Santos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, F.G., Santos, J.R., and Treuhaft, R.N. (2011). Stem volume of tropical forests from polarimetric radar. Int. J. Remote Sens.","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903475217"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-0680-4-2","article-title":"Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks with satellite observations: A comparison of methods","volume":"4","author":"Goetz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbon Balance Manage"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)00016-2","article-title":"Is bigger better in plants? The hydraulic costs of increasing size in trees","volume":"18","author":"Midgley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Evol. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L15401","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL043622","article-title":"A global forest canopy height map from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and the geoscience laser altimeter system","volume":"37","author":"Lefsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simard, M., Pinto, N., Fisher, J.B., and Baccini, A. (2011). Mapping forest canopy height globally with spaceborne lidar. J. Geophys. Res.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JG001708"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubayah, R.O., Sheldon, S.L., Clark, D.B., Hofton, M.A., Blair, J.B., Hurtt, G.C., and Chazdon, R.L. (2010). Estimation of tropical forest height and biomass dynamics using lidar remote sensing at La Selva, Costa Rica. J. Geophys. Res.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JG000933"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2009.00493.x","article-title":"The variation of apparent crown size and canopy heterogeneity across lowland Amazonian forests","volume":"19","author":"Barbier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-1563-2009","article-title":"Spatial trends in leaf size of Amazonian rainforest trees","volume":"6","author":"Malhado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00888.x","article-title":"Ecosystem allometry: The scaling of nutrient stocks and primary productivity across plant communities","volume":"9","author":"Kerkhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2001)011[0371:NPPITF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Net primary production in tropical forests: An evaluation and synthesis of existing field data","volume":"11","author":"Clark","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8085:1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000360","article-title":"The effects of partial throughfall exclusion on canopy processes, aboveground production, and biogeochemistry of an Amazon forest","volume":"107","author":"Nepstad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2003.00778.x","article-title":"The above-ground coarse wood productivity of 104 Neotropical forest plots","volume":"10","author":"Malhi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-2759-2009","article-title":"Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils","volume":"6","author":"Malhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-7-43-2010","article-title":"Regional and temporal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America","volume":"7","author":"Chave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9670-9","article-title":"The effects of water availability on root growth and morphology in an Amazon rainforest","volume":"311","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000095952","article-title":"Multi-temporal analysis of deforestation in Rondonia state in Brazil using Landsat MSS, TM, ETM plus and NOAA AVHRR imagery and its relationship to changes in the local hydrological environment","volume":"24","author":"Ichii","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082750","article-title":"Climate-driven Increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999","volume":"300","author":"Nemani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611338104","article-title":"Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests","volume":"104","author":"Myneni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production","volume":"54","author":"Running","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6575","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903242005","article-title":"Satellite remote sensing of tropical forest canopies and their seasonal dynamics","volume":"30","author":"Poulter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests","volume":"15","author":"Malhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10423","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900563","article-title":"Modelling seasonal and interannual variability in ecosystem carbon cycling for the Brazilian Amazon region","volume":"106","author":"Potter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/25328","article-title":"Effect of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems","volume":"396","author":"Tian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2003.1672","article-title":"Deep soil water dynamics and depletion by secondary vegetation in the Eastern Amazon","volume":"67","author":"Sommer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-002-0185-3","article-title":"Increasing day-length induces spring flushing of tropical dry forest trees in the absence of rain","volume":"16","author":"Rivera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trees Struct. Funct"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huete, A.R., Didan, K., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Ratana, P., Saleska, S.R., Hutyra, L.R., Yang, W., Nemani, R.R., and Myneni, R. (2006). Amazon rainforests green-up with sunlight in dry season. Geophys. Res. Lett, 33.","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025583"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.16.110185.001143","article-title":"Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants","volume":"16","author":"Rathcke","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.13.110182.001305","article-title":"The ecology of leaf life spans","volume":"13","author":"Chabot","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/336574a0","article-title":"Herbivory as a selective agent on the timing of leaf production in a tropical understory community","volume":"336","author":"Aide","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2307\/2806669","article-title":"Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazonian forest types subject to inundation","volume":"31","author":"Prance","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brittonia"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2307\/2389114","article-title":"Primate responses to phenological changes in an Amazonian terra firme forest","volume":"26","author":"Peres","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"139","article-title":"Tree phenology in central Amazonian Floodplain forests: Effects of water level Fluctuation and precipitation at community and population level","volume":"58","author":"Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pesquisas Bot\u00e2nica"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467499000796","article-title":"Flowering phenology and pollination biology of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) in Central Amazonia","volume":"15","author":"Gribel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467400001516","article-title":"Phenology and CO2-assimilation of trees in Central Amazonian floodplains","volume":"16","author":"Parolin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646740400207X","article-title":"Mammal assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests","volume":"21","author":"Haugaasen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"243","article-title":"Two Amazonian floodplain trees react differently to periodical flooding","volume":"47","author":"Parolin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1076\/0165-0521(200008)35:2;1-9;FT115","article-title":"Insect herbivores foraging on seedlings in an unlogged rain forest in Guyana: Spatial and temporal considerations","volume":"35","author":"Basset","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stud. Neotrop. Fauna E"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0160-y","article-title":"Relating tree growth to rainfall in Bolivian rain forests: A test for six species using tree ring analysis","volume":"146","author":"Brienen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005383020063","article-title":"Responses of tropical trees to rainfall seasonality and its long-term changes","volume":"39","author":"Borchert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Climate Change"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"L07701","article-title":"Spatial patterns and fire response of recent Amazonian droughts","volume":"34","author":"Malhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2307\/2388100","article-title":"Vegetative response to photoperiod in the tropical leguminous tree hymenaea courbaril L","volume":"10","author":"Stubblebine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1086\/285600","article-title":"Light and the phenology of tropical trees","volume":"143","author":"Wright","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Nat"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)10043-4","article-title":"Plant physiological ecology of tropical forest canopies","volume":"11","author":"Mulkey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-006-0507-z","article-title":"Effects of partial throughfall exclusion on the phenology of Coussarea racemosa (Rubiaceae) in an east-central Amazon rainforest","volume":"150","author":"Brando","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02735446","article-title":"Diet of a group of Lagothrix Lagothricha Lagothricha in southeastern Colombia","volume":"17","author":"Defler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Primatol"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050109","article-title":"Seasonal leaf phenotypes in the canopy of a tropical dry forest: Photosynthetic characteristics and associated traits","volume":"109","author":"Kitajima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1890\/02-4047","article-title":"Leaf demography and phenology in Amazonian rain forest: A census of 40 000 leaves of 23 tree species","volume":"74","author":"Reich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-43921999292242","article-title":"Interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o fenol\u00f3gica de cinco esp\u00e9cies de Chrysobalanaceae na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil","volume":"29","author":"Ruiz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Amazonica"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32001","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD00051","article-title":"Vegetation detection through smoke-filled AVIRIS images: An assessment using MODIS band passes","volume":"103","author":"Miura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.06.007","article-title":"Atmospheric conditions for monitoring the long-term vegetation dynamics in the Amazon using normalized difference vegetation index","volume":"97","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160010006926","article-title":"Cloud cover in Landsat observations of the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"22","author":"Asner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00084-6","article-title":"An overview of MODIS Land data processing and product status","volume":"83","author":"Justice","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.1995.8746029","article-title":"The interpretation of spectral vegetation indexes","volume":"33","author":"Myneni","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90036-L","article-title":"The seasonality of AVHRR data of temperate coniferous forests: Relationship with leaf area index","volume":"33","author":"Spanner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2307\/3235884","article-title":"Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery","volume":"5","author":"Reed","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1080\/014311697217044","article-title":"The Long-term monitoring of vegetation cover in the Amazon region in Northern Brazil using NOAA-AVHRR data","volume":"18","author":"Batista","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/014311699212984","article-title":"Potential and limits of NOAA-AVHRR temporal composite data for phenology and water stress monitoring of temperate forest ecosystems","volume":"20","author":"Duchemin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL011113","article-title":"Satellite observation of el ni\u00f1o effects on amazon forest phenology and productivity","volume":"27","author":"Asner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/014311600210380","article-title":"Mapping vegetation-soil-climate complexes in southern Africa using temporal Fourier analysis of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data","volume":"21","author":"Azzali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00054-3","article-title":"Decomposition of vegetation cover into woody and herbaceous components using AVHRR NDVI time series","volume":"86","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(88)90106-X","article-title":"A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)","volume":"25","author":"Huete","year":"1988","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/36.134076","article-title":"Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS","volume":"30","author":"Kaufman","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)90018-3","article-title":"Development of vegetation and soil indices for MODIS-EOS","volume":"49","author":"Huete","year":"1994","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00112-5","article-title":"Comparison of vegetation indices over a global set of TM images for EOS-MODIS","volume":"59","author":"Huete","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1109\/36.134074","article-title":"Atmospheric correction against algorithm for NOAA-AVHRR products: Theory and application","volume":"30","author":"Tanre","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(95)00083-D","article-title":"Effects of orbital drift on advanced very high resolution radiometer products: Normalized difference vegetation index and sea surface temperature","volume":"53","author":"Privette","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Rouse, J., Haas, R., Schell, J., and Deering, D. (1974). Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 Symposium, NASA."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(79)90013-0","article-title":"Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation","volume":"8","author":"Tucker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169108929720","article-title":"The effect of water vapour on the normalized difference vegetation index derived for the Sahelian region from NOAA AVHRR data","volume":"12","author":"Justice","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169008955102","article-title":"Remote sensing of weather impacts on vegetation in non-homogeneous areas","volume":"11","author":"Kogan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1177(95)00079-T","article-title":"Application of vegetation index and brightness temperature for drought detection","volume":"15","author":"Kogan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1997)078<0621:GDWFS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global drought watch from space","volume":"78","author":"Kogan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160410001697619","article-title":"Derivation of pasture biomass in Mongolia from AVHRR-based vegetation health indices","volume":"25","author":"Kogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110116338","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of soil and vegetation spectral responses in a semi-arid environment","volume":"23","author":"Karnieli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Palmer, W.C. (1965). Meteorological Drought, US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Comparison of NOAA AVHRR data to meteorologic drought indices","volume":"53","author":"Walsh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote. Sens"},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Di, L. (1991). Regional-Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Using NOAA\/AVHRR Data, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. ETD Collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln Paper AAI9129546;."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00067-3","article-title":"NDWI: A Normalized Difference Water Index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space","volume":"58","author":"Gao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00197-9","article-title":"Water content estimation in vegetation with MODIS reflectance data and model inversion methods","volume":"85","author":"Rueda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00051-2","article-title":"Characterization of forest types in Northeastern China, using multitemporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION sensor data","volume":"82","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.08.010","article-title":"Substrate age and precipitation effects on Hawaiian forest canopies from spaceborne imaging spectroscopy","volume":"98","author":"Asner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/02757259409532235","article-title":"Malingreau. NOAA-AVHRR studies of vegetation characteristics and deforestation mapping in the Amazon Basin","volume":"10","author":"Malingreau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Reviron"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169608949106","article-title":"Monitoring regional drought using the Vegetation Condition Index","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1997)036<0958:ACOTND>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A comparison of the normalized difference vegetation index and rainfall for the Amazon and Northeastern Brazil","volume":"36","author":"Santos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. App. Meteorol"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.04.013","article-title":"Detecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forests in South America with multi-temporal MODIS images","volume":"103","author":"Xiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908741107","article-title":"Seasonal and interannual variability of climate and vegetation indices across the Amazon","volume":"107","author":"Brando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.04.035","article-title":"On the intra-annual EVI variability in the dry season of tropical forest: A case study with MODIS and hyperspectral data","volume":"115","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI4122.1","article-title":"Onset and end of the rainy season in South America in observations and the ECHAM 4.5 atmospheric general circulation model","volume":"20","author":"Liebmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clim"},{"key":"ref_137","unstructured":"Richey, J., McClaine, M., and Victoria, R. (2001). Biogeochemistry of Amazonia, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1600.1","article-title":"The drought of Amazonia in 2005","volume":"21","author":"Marengo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clim"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99298.x","article-title":"Amazonian tree mortality during the 1997 El Ni\u00f1o Drought","volume":"14","author":"Williamson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146663","article-title":"Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought","volume":"318","author":"Saleska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164033","article-title":"Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest","volume":"323","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03516.x","article-title":"MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index data do not show greening of Amazon forests during the 2005 drought","volume":"189","author":"Samanta","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03355.x","article-title":"Remote sensing detection of droughts in Amazonian forest canopies","volume":"187","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903474921","article-title":"Fraction images derived from Terra\/MODIS data: Monitoring intra-annual phenology in Amazonia","volume":"32","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200807","article-title":"The 2010 Amazon Drought","volume":"331","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Samanta, A., Costa, M.H., Ganguly, S., Nemani, R.R., and Myneni, R.B. (2011). Widespread decline in greenness of Amazonian vegetation due to the 2010 drought. Geophys. Res. Lett, 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL046824"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186925","article-title":"The incidence of fire in Amazonian Forests with implications for REDD","volume":"328","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3102110","article-title":"Using remote sensing products for environmental analysis in South America","volume":"3","author":"Cardozo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802509058","article-title":"Fraction images derived from Terra Modis data for mapping burnt areas in Brazilian Amazonia","volume":"30","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2005.02.062","article-title":"Landscape pattern and spatial variability of leaf area index in eastern Amazonia","volume":"211","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.04.013","article-title":"Classification of Amazonian primary rain forest vegetation using Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery","volume":"97","author":"Salovaara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlow, J., Ewers, R.M., Anderson, L., Aragao, L.E.O.C., Baker, T.R., Boyd, E., Feldpausch, T.R., Gloor, E., Hall, A., and Malhi, Y. (2010). Using learning networks to understand complex systems: A case study of biological, geophysical and social research in the Amazon. Biol. Rev.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00155.x"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/4\/5\/1245\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:07Z","timestamp":1760219407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/4\/5\/1245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs4051245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs4051245","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]}}}