{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:38:41Z","timestamp":1767109121503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The next Landsat satellite, which is scheduled for launch in early 2013, will carry two instruments: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). Significant design changes over previous Landsat instruments have been made to these sensors to potentially enhance the quality of Landsat image data. TIRS, which is the focus of this study, is a dual-band instrument that uses a push-broom style architecture to collect data. To help understand the impact of design trades during instrument build, an effort was initiated to model TIRS imagery. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) tool was used to produce synthetic \u201con-orbit\u201d TIRS data with detailed radiometric, geometric, and digital image characteristics. This work presents several studies that used DIRSIG simulated TIRS data to test the impact of engineering performance data on image quality in an effort to determine if the image data meet specifications or, in the event that they do not, to determine if the resulting image data are still acceptable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4082477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T11:21:03Z","timestamp":1345634463000},"page":"2477-2491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Simulation of Image Performance Characteristics of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Schott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Gerace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Space Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Dennis C.","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irons, J.R., and Dwyer, J.L. (2010). An overview of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. Proc. SPIE.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.850416"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reuter, D., Richardson, C., Irons, J., Allen, R., Anderson, M., Budinoff, J., Casto, G., Coltharp, C., Finneran, P., and Forsbacka, B. (2010, January 25\u201330). The Thermal Infrared Sensor on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2010.5653746"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2009.05.027","article-title":"QWIP-based thermal infrared sensor for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission","volume":"52","author":"Jhabvala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Techn"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schott, J.R. (2007). Remote Sensing: The Image Chain Approach, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed].","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195178173.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/07038992.1999.10874709","article-title":"An advanced synthetic image generation model and its application to multi\/hyperspectral algorithm development","volume":"25","author":"Schott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallado, D.A., and Crawford, P. (2008, January 18\u201321). SGP4 Orbit Determination. Honolulu, HI, USA. AIAA 2008-6770.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2008-6770"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Schott, J.R., Raque\u00f1o, R.V., Raque\u00f1o, N.G., and Brown, S.D. (2010, January 26\u201330). A Synthetic Sensor\/Image Simulation Tool to Support the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). 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Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2008.4779451"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1117\/12.450647","article-title":"Landsat 7 on-orbit modulation transfer function estimation","volume":"4540","author":"Storey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804815","DOI":"10.1117\/12.885561","article-title":"Data-driven simulations of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) platform","volume":"8048","author":"Gerace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Burns, P. (, January March). Slanted-Edge MTF for Digital Camera and Scanner Analysis. Portland, OR, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81270H","DOI":"10.1117\/12.892585","article-title":"Integrated modeling of jitter MTF due to random loads","volume":"8127","author":"Genberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804816","DOI":"10.1117\/12.889265","article-title":"Spectral analysis of the primary flight focal plane arrays for the thermal infrared sensor","volume":"8048","author":"Montanaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1117\/12.559910","article-title":"Relative radiometric correction of Quickbird imagery using the sideslither technique on-orbit","volume":"5542","author":"Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83902C","DOI":"10.1117\/12.919420","article-title":"Tracking non-uniformity in the thermal infrared sensor through pre-launch measurements and simulated on-orbit data","volume":"8390","author":"Montanaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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