{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:42:15Z","timestamp":1785771735730,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vegetation belongs to the components of the Earth surface, which are most extensively studied using historic and present satellite records. Recently, these records exceeded a 30-year time span composed of preprocessed fortnightly observations (1981\u20132011). The existence of monotonic changes and trend shifts present in such records has previously been demonstrated. However, information on timing and type of such trend shifts was lacking at global scale. In this work, we detected major shifts in vegetation activity trends and their associated type (either interruptions or reversals) and timing. It appeared that the biospheric trend shifts have, over time, increased in frequency, confirming recent findings of increased turnover rates in vegetated areas. Signs of greening-to-browning reversals around the millennium transition were found in many regions (Patagonia, the Sahel, northern Kazakhstan, among others), as well as negative interruptions\u2014\u201csetbacks\u201d\u2014in greening trends (southern Africa, India, Asia Minor, among others). A minority (26%) of all significant trends appeared monotonic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5031117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T13:09:27Z","timestamp":1362143367000},"page":"1117-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Shifts in Global Vegetation Activity Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogier","family":"De Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7923-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Verbesselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Zeileis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9627-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schaepman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169508954559","article-title":"Global land monitoring from AVHRR: Potential and limitations","volume":"16","author":"Gutman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. 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