{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:03:56Z","timestamp":1773374636917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rainfall intensity plays an important role in landslide prediction especially in mountain areas. However, the rainfall intensity of a location is usually interpolated from rainfall recorded at nearby gauges without considering any possible effects of topographic slopes. In order to obtain reliable rainfall intensity for disaster mitigation, this study proposes a rainfall-vector projection method for topographic-corrected rainfall. The topographic-corrected rainfall is derived from wind speed, terminal velocity of raindrops, and topographical factors from digital terrain model. In addition, scatter plot was used to present landslide distribution with two triggering factors and kernel density analysis is adopted to enhance the perception of the distribution. Numerical analysis is conducted for a historic event, typhoon Mindulle, which occurred in 2004, in a location in central Taiwan. The largest correction reaches 11%, which indicates that topographic correction is significant. The corrected rainfall distribution is then applied to the analysis of landslide triggering factors. The result with corrected rainfall distribution provides better agreement with the actual landslide occurrence than the result without correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5062571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T12:56:11Z","timestamp":1369313771000},"page":"2571-2589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Topographic Correction of Wind-Driven Rainfall for Landslide Analysis in Central Taiwan with Validation from Aerial and Satellite Optical Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jin-King","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4051232","article-title":"Improving landslide forecasting using ASCAT-derived soil moisture data: A case study of the Torgiovannetto landslide in Central Italy","volume":"4","author":"Brocca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4051310","article-title":"A semi-automated object-based approach for landslide detection validated by persistent scatterer interferometry measures and landslide inventories","volume":"4","author":"Holbling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.3390\/rs122785","article-title":"Application of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to the study of the Sechilienne Landslide (Isere, France)","volume":"2","author":"Kasperski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5031024","article-title":"River courses affected by landslides and implications for hazard assessment: A high resolution remote sensing case study in NE Iraq\u2013W Iran","volume":"5","author":"Othman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5031045","article-title":"Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique for landslide characterization and monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Tofani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4082314","article-title":"Polarimetric decomposition analysis of ALOS PALSAR observation data before and after a landslide event","volume":"4","author":"Yonezawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(90)90218-M","article-title":"The effect of oblique rain on inclined surfaces: A nomograph for the rain-gauge correction factor","volume":"115","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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