{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T09:04:23Z","timestamp":1773911063197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The monitoring of herbaceous fuel moisture content is a crucial activity in order to assess savanna fire risks. Faced with the difficulty of managing wide areas of vegetated surfaces, remote sensing appears an attractive alternative for terrestrial measurements because of its advantages related to temporal resolution and spatial coverage. Earth observation (EO)-based vegetation indices (VIs) and the ratio between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and surface temperature (ST) were used for assessment of herbaceous fuel moisture content estimates and validated against herbaceous data collected in 2010 at three open savanna sites located in Senegal, West Africa.  EO-based estimates of water content were more consistent with the use of VI as compared to the ratio NDVI\/ST. Different VIs based on near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance were tested and a consistent relationship was found between field measurements of leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) from all test sites and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII), Global Vegetation Moisture Index (GVMI) and Moisture Stress Index (MSI). Also, strong relationships were found between fuel moisture content (FMC) and VIs for the sites separately; however, they were weaker for the pooled data. The correlations between EWT\/FMC and VIs were found to decrease progressively as the woody cover increased. Although these results suggest that NIR and SWIR reflectance can be used for the estimation of herbaceous water content, additional validation from an increased number of study sites is necessary to study the robustness of such indices for a larger variety of savanna vegetation types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5062617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T13:02:03Z","timestamp":1369400523000},"page":"2617-2638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Estimation of Herbaceous Fuel Moisture Content Using Vegetation Indices and Land Surface Temperature from MODIS Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Momadou","family":"Sow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement (ISE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5005 Dakar-Fann, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"},{"name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche et d'Enseignement des G\u00e9osciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE), Universit\u00e9 Aix-Marseille III, CNRS UMR 7330, Europ\u00f4le de l'Arbois, B.P. 80,  F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Enseignement et de Recherche en G\u00e9omatique (LERG), Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique (ESP)\/FST, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5005 Dakar-Fann, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"}]},{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Mbow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement (ISE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5005 Dakar-Fann, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"H\u00e9ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche et d'Enseignement des G\u00e9osciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE), Universit\u00e9 Aix-Marseille III, CNRS UMR 7330, Europ\u00f4le de l'Arbois, B.P. 80,  F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Fensholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geography, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Bienvenu","family":"Sambou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement (ISE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5005 Dakar-Fann, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2005.10.023","article-title":"Fire activity on drylands and floodplains in the southern Okavango Delta, Botswana","volume":"68","author":"Heinl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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