{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T09:33:45Z","timestamp":1772530425462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last few years, several advances have been made in the use of radar images to detect, map and monitor ground deformations. DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) and A-DInSAR\/PSI (Advanced DInSAR\/Persistent Scatterers Interferometry) technologies have been successfully applied in the study of deformation phenomena induced by, for example, active tectonics, volcanic activity, ground water exploitation, mining, and landslides, both at local and regional scales. In this paper, the existing European Space Agency (ESA) archives (acquired as part of the  FP7-DORIS project), which were collected by the ERS-1\/2 and ENVISAT satellites operating in the microwave C-band, were analyzed and exploited to understand the dynamics of landslide and subsidence phenomena. In particular, this paper presents the results obtained as part of the FP7-DORIS project to demonstrate that the full exploitation of very long deformation time series (more than 15 years) can play a key role in understanding the dynamics of natural and human-induced hazards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5083896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T11:41:32Z","timestamp":1375962092000},"page":"3896-3917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Exploitation of Large Archives of ERS and ENVISAT C-Band SAR Data to Characterize Ground Deformations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Del Ventisette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-9084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciampalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Manunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (IREA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Cal\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (IREA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Paglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (IREA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ardizzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4895-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mondini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Reichenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, Urb. Alc\u00e1zar del Genil, 4. Edificio Zulema bajos,  E-18006 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"Immaculada","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, Avda. Ciudad Quer\u00e9taro s\/n., E-07007 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"F\u00fcsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magyar F\u00f6ldtani \u00e9s Geofizikai Int\u00e9zet (MFGI), XIV. ker. Kolumbusz u. 17-23, 1145 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsa","family":"De\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magyar F\u00f6ldtani \u00e9s Geofizikai Int\u00e9zet (MFGI), XIV. ker. Kolumbusz u. 17-23, 1145 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"R\u00e1di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magyar F\u00f6ldtani \u00e9s Geofizikai Int\u00e9zet (MFGI), XIV. ker. Kolumbusz u. 17-23, 1145 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Graniczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, 00975 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, 00975 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Piatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, 00975 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Przylucka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, 00975 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Retzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), CH-3003 Berna, Switerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tazio","family":"Strozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GAMMA Remote Sensing Research and Consulting AG, Worbstr. 225, CH-3073 G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRE s.r.l., TeleRilevamentoEuropa, Ripa di Porta Ticinense 79, I-20143 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altamira Information, C\/. C\u00f2rsega 381-387; E-08037 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altamira Information, C\/. C\u00f2rsega 381-387; E-08037 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6633-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geohazards InSAR Laboratory (InSARlab), Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), C\/. Alenza 1;  E-28003 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Casagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4950-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Guzzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9183","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB07p09183","article-title":"Mapping small elevation changes over large areas: Differential radar interferometry","volume":"94","author":"Gabriel","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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