{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T19:55:32Z","timestamp":1760385332822,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Time-space fluctuations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) within the region off  central-southern Chile (33\u201342\u00b0S), and their association with meteorological-oceanographic conditions, were analyzed using satellite time series data (2002\u20132012). The mean distribution of moderate values of Chl-a (~0.5 mg\u2219m\u22123) in the northern section (33\u201338\u00b0S) extended out to ~200 km of the coast whereas they were restricted to a narrower band in the southern section (38\u201342\u00b0S). Mean wind stress and wind stress curl were upwelling favorable for most part of the year in the northern section whereas upwelling-downwelling periods were distinct in the southern section. The dominant frequency of Chl-a variability in the coastal zone and the coastal transition zone was annual, as it was for the rest of the variables, except in a transitional band between these zones and where a semi-permanent jet is located. At the annual frequency, the alongshore distribution of coastal Chl-a presented strong discontinuities, with minimum values around upwelling centers (~37 and 40\u00b0S) and higher values (&gt; 2 mg\u2219m\u22123) in between. Also at the annual frequency, correlation analyses suggest that Ekman transport and Ekman pumping might act synchronously to extend the offshore distribution of the highest Chl-a values during the spring-summer period whereas mesoscale activity appears to contribute to Chl-a increases in the coastal transition zone. Sea surface temperature does not appear to be associated with the annual cycle of Chl-a in the coastal zone and in the coastal transition zone it might be linked to Chl-a variability through the effects of internal waves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5115550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1382961627000},"page":"5550-5571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Time-Space Variability of Chlorophyll-a and Associated Physical Variables within the Region off Central-Southern Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography, Center for Oceanographic Research in the Eastern South Pacific (COPAS), University of Concepci\u00f3n, Casilla 160-C, Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hormazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Casilla 1020, Valpara\u00edso, V Regi\u00f3n, Chile"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Casilla 1020, Valpara\u00edso, V Regi\u00f3n, Chile"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Correa-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Casilla 1020, Valpara\u00edso, V Regi\u00f3n, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Eastern Ocean Boundaries","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Sea"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Eastern Regional Ocean Boundaries-Pan Regional Overview","volume":"14","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Global Coastal Ocean: Interdisciplinary Regional Studies and Syntheses\u2014Pan-Regional Syntheses and the Coasts of North and South America and Asia, the Sea"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2009.07.032","article-title":"A comparison of eastern boundary upwelling systems","volume":"83","author":"Chavez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. 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