{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:30:25Z","timestamp":1780680625688,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A two-component fully automated flood monitoring system is described and evaluated. This is a result of combining two individual flood services that are currently under development at DLR\u2019s (German Aerospace Center) Center for Satellite based  Crisis Information (ZKI) to rapidly support disaster management activities. A first-phase monitoring component of the system systematically detects potential flood events on a continental scale using daily-acquired medium spatial resolution optical data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). A threshold set controls the activation of the second-phase crisis component of the system, which derives flood information at higher spatial detail using a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) based satellite mission (TerraSAR-X). The proposed activation procedure finds use in the identification of flood situations in different spatial resolutions and in the time-critical and on demand programming of SAR satellite acquisitions at an early stage of an evolving flood situation. The automated processing chains of the MODIS (MFS) and the TerraSAR-X Flood Service (TFS) include data pre-processing, the computation and adaptation of global auxiliary data, thematic classification, and the subsequent dissemination of flood maps using an interactive web-client. The system is operationally demonstrated and evaluated via the monitoring two recent flood events in Russia 2013 and Albania\/Montenegro 2013.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5115598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T15:39:00Z","timestamp":1383061140000},"page":"5598-5619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A Multi-Scale Flood Monitoring System Based on Fully Automatic MODIS and TerraSAR-X Processing Chains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sandro","family":"Martinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen,  D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Twele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen,  D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen,  D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen,  D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen,  D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2210901","article-title":"A change detection approach to flood mapping in urban areas using TerraSAR-X","volume":"51","author":"Giustarini","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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