{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:33:06Z","timestamp":1775032386289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leaf diseases, such as powdery mildew and leaf rust, frequently infect barley plants and severely affect the economic value of malting barley. Early detection of barley diseases would facilitate the timely application of fungicides. In a field experiment, we investigated the performance of fluorescence and reflectance indices on (1) detecting barley disease risks when no fungicide is applied and (2) estimating leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC). Leaf fluorescence and canopy reflectance were weekly measured by a portable fluorescence sensor and spectroradiometer, respectively. Results showed that vegetation indices recorded at canopy level performed well for the early detection of slightly-diseased plants. The combined reflectance index, MCARI\/TCARI, yielded the best discrimination between healthy and diseased plants across seven barley varieties. The blue to far-red fluorescence ratio (BFRR_UV) and OSAVI were the best fluorescence and reflectance indices for estimating LCC, respectively, yielding R2 of 0.72 and 0.79. Partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machines (SVM) regression models further improved the use of fluorescence signals for the estimation of LCC, yielding R2 of 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. Our results demonstrate that non-destructive spectral measurements are able to detect mild disease symptoms before significant losses in LCC due to diseases under natural conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T11:26:58Z","timestamp":1387452418000},"page":"64-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Investigation of Leaf Diseases and Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration in Seven Barley Varieties Using Fluorescence and Hyperspectral Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D-50923 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Leufen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Horticultural Science, Fluorescence Spectroscopy Working Group, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Hunsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Horticultural Science, Fluorescence Spectroscopy Working Group, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Noga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Horticultural Science, Fluorescence Spectroscopy Working Group, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, and Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Bareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D-50923 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.1433","article-title":"Vegetation stress detection through chlorophyll a + b estimation and fluorescence effects on hyperspectral imagery","volume":"31","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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