{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:26:58Z","timestamp":1760243218304,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a new spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) burst mode named \u201cExtended Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (ETOPS)\u201d for wide swath imaged coverage. This scheme extends the imaging performance of the conventional Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode with a very limited azimuth beam steering capability. Compared with the TOPS mode with the same azimuth beam steering range for the same swath width, a finer azimuth resolution could be obtained. With the same system parameters, examples of four burst SAR imaging modes named ScanSAR, TOPS, inverse TOPS (ITOPS) and ETOPS are given, and their corresponding system performances are analyzed and compared. Simulation results show that the proposed ETOPS mode could obtain a better high-resolution wide-swath imaging performance under the same conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T10:31:51Z","timestamp":1389609111000},"page":"801-814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A New Spaceborne Burst Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Mode for Wide Swath Coverage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pingping","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS), Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Wide-swath SA","volume":"139","author":"Currie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. 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Space Res"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2011.2135837","article-title":"An efficient imaging approach with scaling factors for TOPS mode SAR data focusing","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2009.2026743","article-title":"TOPS imaging with TerraSAR-X: Mode design and perfomance analysis","volume":"48","author":"Meta","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Meta, A., Prats, P., Steinbrecher, U., Mittermayer, J., and Scheiber, R. (2008, January 2\u20135). TerraSAR-X TOPS and ScanSAR Comparison. Friedrichshafen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attema, E., Davidson, M., Floury, N., Levrini, G., Rosich, B., Rommen, B., and Snoeij, P. (2008, January 2\u20135). Sentinel-1 ESA\u2019s New European Radar Observatory. Friedrichshafen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.747146"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1163\/156939311798071983","article-title":"Investigation on electronic azimuth beam steering in the spaceborne SAR imaging modes","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Electromagn. Wave. Appl"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5589\/m07-008","article-title":"Burst-mode SARs for wide-swath surveys","volume":"33","author":"Giudici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2011.2176716","article-title":"Scalloping correction in TOPS imaging mode SAR data","volume":"9","author":"Wollstadt","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. 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