{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:58:37Z","timestamp":1773910717875,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 500-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area products, MCD45A1, MCD64A1, and a merged product were validated across  six study sites in South Africa using independently-derived Landsat burned-area reference data during the fire season of 2007. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the likelihood of the improved detection of small burns through an empirically-derived merged product; (ii) quantify the probability of detection by each product using sub-pixel burned area measures; and, (iii) compare the mean percent concurrence of burned pixels between the standard products over a ten-year time series in each site. Results show that MCD45A1 presented higher detection probabilities (i.e., 3.0%\u201337.9%) for small fractions \u226450%, whereas MCD64A1 appeared more reliable (i.e., 12.0%\u201389.2%) in detecting large fractions &gt;50% of a burned MODIS pixel, respectively. Overall, the merged product demonstrated improved detection of the burned area in all fractions. This paper also demonstrates that, on average, &gt;50% of MODIS burned pixels temporally concur between  the MCD45A1 and MCD64A1 products in each site. These findings have significant implications for fire monitoring in southern Africa and contribute toward the understanding of the range and of the sources of errors present in the MODIS burned area products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6021275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T02:34:36Z","timestamp":1391567676000},"page":"1275-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Validation of the Two Standard MODIS Satellite Burned-Area Products and an Empirically-Derived Merged Product in  South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Philemon","family":"Tsela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria,  Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Wessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria,  Pretoria 0002, South Africa"},{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR Meraka Institute, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4355-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Botai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria,  Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Archibald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecosystems, Processes and Dynamics, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Derick","family":"Swanepoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR Meraka Institute, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Steenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR Meraka Institute, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR Meraka Institute, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D14S03","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003598","article-title":"Vegetation burning in the year 2000: Global burned area estimates from SPOT VEGETATION data","volume":"109","author":"Tansey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Loboda, T.V., and Csiszar, I.A. (2004, January 16\u201318). Estimating Burned Area from AVHRR and MODIS: Validation Results and Sources of Error. 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