{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:02:03Z","timestamp":1772503323379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For on-orbit calibration of the Beijing-1 multispectral imagers (Beijing-1\/MS),  a field calibration campaign was performed at the Dunhuang calibration site during September and October of 2008. Based on the in situ data and images from Beijing-1 and Terra\/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), three vicarious calibration methods (i.e., reflectance-based, irradiance-based, and cross-calibration) were used to calculate the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance of Beijing-1. An analysis was then performed to determine or identify systematic and accidental errors, and the overall uncertainty was assessed for each individual method. The findings show that the reflectance-based method has an uncertainty of more than 10% if the aerosol optical depth (AOD) exceeds 0.2. The cross-calibration method is able to reach an error level within 7% if the images are selected carefully. The final calibration coefficients were derived from the irradiance-based data for 6 September 2008, with an uncertainty estimated to be less than 5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6021432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T11:07:10Z","timestamp":1392721630000},"page":"1432-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Vicarious Calibration of Beijing-1 Multispectral Imagers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zhengchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2004). 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