{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:50:14Z","timestamp":1791233414832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grassland biomass is essential for maintaining grassland ecosystems. Moreover, biomass is an important characteristic of grassland. In this study, we combined field sampling with remote sensing data and calculated five vegetation indices (VIs). Using this combined information, we quantified a remote sensing estimation model and estimated biomass in a temperate grassland of northern China. We also explored the dynamic  spatio-temporal variation of biomass from 2006 to 2012. Our results indicated that all VIs investigated in the study were strongly correlated with biomass (\u03b1 &lt; 0.01). The precision of the model for estimating biomass based on ground data and remote sensing was greater than 73%. Additionally, the results of our analysis indicated that the annual average biomass was 11.86 million tons and that the average yield was 604.5 kg\/ha. The distribution of biomass exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity, and the biomass decreased from the eastern portion of the study area to the western portion. The interannual biomass exhibited strong fluctuations during 2006\u20132012, with a coefficient of variation of 26.95%. The coefficient of variation of biomass differed among the grassland types.  The highest coefficient of variation was found for the desert steppe, followed by the typical steppe and the meadow steppe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6021496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T11:10:21Z","timestamp":1392808221000},"page":"1496-1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Remote Sensing-Based Biomass Estimation and Its  Spatio-Temporal Variations in Temperate Grassland,  Northern China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Institute of Applied Ecology,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Geographical Science College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haida","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/348711a0","article-title":"Increases in terrestrial carbon storage from the last glacial maximum to the present","volume":"348","author":"Adams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.1998.00151.x","article-title":"The global carbon sink: A grassland perspective","volume":"4","author":"Scurlock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glob. 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