{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1773244932847,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present and validate a method of reconstructing high-resolution sea surface wind fields from multi-sensor satellite data over the Grand Banks of Newfoundland off Atlantic Canada. Six-hourly ocean wind fields from blended products (including  multi-satellite measurements) with 0.25\u00b0 spatial resolution and 226 RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind fields with 1-km spatial resolution have been used to reconstruct new six-hourly wind fields with a resolution of 10 km for the period from August 2008 to December 2010, except July 2009 to November 2009. The reconstruction process is based on the heapsort bucket method with topdown search and the modified  Gauss\u2013Markov theorem. The result shows that the mean difference between the reconstructed wind speed and buoy-estimated wind speed is smaller than 0.6 m\/s, and the standard deviation is smaller than 2.5 m\/s. The mean difference in wind direction between reconstructed and buoy estimates is 3.7\u00b0; the standard deviation is 40.2\u00b0. There is fair agreement between the reconstructed wind vectors and buoy-estimated ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6042898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T10:26:55Z","timestamp":1396261615000},"page":"2898-2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reconstructed Wind Fields from Multi-Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineer, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's. NL, A1B 3X7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's. NL, A1C 5X1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deyou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineer, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's. NL, A1B 3X7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's. NL, A1B 3X7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's. NL, A1C 5X1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"De Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's. NL, A1C 5X1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.06.005","article-title":"Wind resource assessment from C-band SAR","volume":"105","author":"Christiansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Christiansen, M.B. (2006). Wind Energy Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar, Ris\u00f8 National Laboratory."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Elfouhaily, T. (1997). 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