{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:27:56Z","timestamp":1760243276572,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Culicoides imicola is the main vector of the bluetongue virus  in the Mediterranean Basin. Spatial distribution models for this species  traditionally employ either climatic data or remotely sensed data, or a  combination of both. Until now, however, no studies compared the  accuracies of C. imicola distribution models based on climatic  versus remote sensing data, even though remotely sensed datasets may  offer advantages over climatic datasets with respect to spatial and  temporal resolution. This study performs such an analysis for datasets  over the peninsula of Calabria, Italy. Spatial distribution modelling  based on climatic data using the random forests machine learning  technique resulted in a percentage of correctly classified C. imicola trapping  sites of nearly 88%, thereby outperforming the linear discriminant  analysis and logistic regression modelling techniques. When replacing  climatic data by remote sensing data, random forests modelling  accuracies decreased only slightly. Assessment of the different  variables\u2019 importance showed that precipitation during late spring was  the most important amongst 48 climatic variables. The dominant remotely  sensed variables could be linked to climatic variables. Notwithstanding  the slight decrease in predictive performance in this study, remotely  sensed datasets could be preferred over climatic datasets for the  modelling of C. imicola. Unlike climatic observations, remote  sensing provides an equally high spatial resolution globally.  Additionally, its high temporal resolution allows for investigating  changes in species\u2019 presence and changing environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6076604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T10:30:52Z","timestamp":1405679452000},"page":"6604-6619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Culicoides imicola: Climatic versus Remote Sensing Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jasper","family":"Van Doninck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"De Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Ducheyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4116-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niko","family":"Verhoest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0091","article-title":"Bluetongue in Europe: Past, present and future","volume":"364","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. 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