{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T18:37:57Z","timestamp":1781807877542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a new database of solar radiation at ground level for Eastern Europe and Africa, the Middle East and Asia, estimated using satellite images from the Meteosat East geostationary satellites. The method presented calculates global horizontal (G) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) at hourly intervals, using the full Meteosat archive from 1998 to present. Validation of the estimated global horizontal and direct normal irradiance values has been performed by comparison with high-quality ground station measurements. Due to the low number of ground measurements in the viewing area of the Meteosat Eastern satellites, the validation of the calculation method has been extended by a comparison of the estimated values derived from the same class of satellites but positioned at 0\u00b0E, where more ground stations are available. Results show a low overall mean bias deviation (MBD) of +1.63 Wm\u22122 or +0.73% for global horizontal irradiance. The mean absolute bias of the individual station MBD is 2.36%, while the root mean square deviation of the individual MBD values is 3.18%. For direct normal irradiance the corresponding values are overall MBD of +0.61 Wm\u22122 or +0.62%, while the mean absolute bias of the individual station MBD is 5.03% and the root mean square deviation of the individual MBD values is 6.30%. The resulting database of hourly solar radiation values will be made freely available. These data will also be integrated into the PVGIS web application to allow users to estimate the energy output of photovoltaic (PV) systems not only in Europe and Africa, but now also in Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6098165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1409222255000},"page":"8165-8189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["A New Database of Global and Direct Solar Radiation Using the Eastern Meteosat Satellite, Models and Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Amillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Fermi 2749, 21020 Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Huld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Fermi 2749, 21020 Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frankfurter Stra\u00dfe 135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1984)023<0166:ISROEE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Incident solar radiation over europe estimated from METEOSAT data","volume":"23","author":"Raschke","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. 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