{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:55:44Z","timestamp":1782305744643,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components is critical to developing a better understanding of climate, hydrology, and vegetation coverage conditions for areas of interest. A hybrid dual-source (H-D) model incorporating the strengths of the two-layer and two-patch schemes was proposed to estimate actual ET processes by considering varying vegetation coverage patterns and soil moisture conditions. The proposed model was tested in four different ecosystems, including deciduous broadleaf forest, woody savannas, grassland, and cropland. Performance of the H-D model was compared with that of the Penman-Monteith (P-M) model, the Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model, as well as the Two-Patch (T-P) model, with ET and\/or its components (i.e., transpiration and evaporation) being evaluated against eddy covariance measurements. Overall, ET estimates from the developed H-D model agreed reasonably well with the ground-based measurements at all sites, with mean absolute errors ranging from 16.3 W\/m2 to 38.6 W\/m2, indicating good performance of the H-D model in all ecosystems being tested. In addition, the H-D model provides a more reasonable partitioning of evaporation and transpiration than other models in the ecosystems tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6098359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T03:35:44Z","timestamp":1410147344000},"page":"8359-8386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Hybrid Dual-Source Model of Estimating  Evapotranspiration over Different Ecosystems  and Implications for Satellite-Based Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,  306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"National Center for Groundwater Research and Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"},{"name":"School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128845","article-title":"Global hydrological cycles and world water resources","volume":"313","author":"Oki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7209","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD02135","article-title":"The land surface-atmosphere interaction: A review based on observational and global modeling perspectives","volume":"101","author":"Betts","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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