{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:35:31Z","timestamp":1774020931216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA","award":["NNG09HP18C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNG09HP18C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The science-focused mission of the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) requires that it have an accurate radiometric calibration. A calibration methodology was developed to convert the raw output from the instrument into an accurate at-aperture radiance. The methodology is based on measurements obtained during component-level and instrument-level characterization testing. The radiometric accuracy from the pre-flight measurements was estimated to be approximately 0.7%. The calibration parameters determined pre-flight were updated during the post-launch checkout period by utilizing the on-board calibration sources and Earth scene data. These relative corrections were made to adjust for differences between the pre-flight and the on-orbit performance of the instrument, thereby correcting large striping artifacts observed in Earth imagery. Despite this calibration correction, banding artifacts (low frequency variation in the across-track direction) have been observed in certain uniform Earth scenes, but not in other uniform scenes. In addition, the absolute calibration performance determined from vicarious measurements have revealed a time-varying error to the absolute radiance reported by TIRS. These issues were determined to not be caused by the calibration process developed for the instrument. Instead, an investigation has revealed that stray light is affecting the recorded signal from the Earth. The varying optical stray light effect is an ongoing subject of evaluation and investigation, and a correction strategy is being devised that will be added to the calibration process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6098803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1411124582000},"page":"8803-8821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Radiometric Calibration Methodology of the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Space Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Lunsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of America, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Zelalem","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Space Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Wenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Space Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montanaro, M., Gerace, A., Lunsford, A., and Reuter, D. (2014). Stray light artifacts in imagery from the Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor. Remote Sens, submitted.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110435"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montanaro, M., Levy, R., and Markham, B. (2014). On-orbit radiometric performance of the Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor. Remote Sens, submitted.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61211753"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Barsi, J., Schott, J., Hook, S., Raqueno, N., and Markham, B. (2014). TIRS vicarious radiometric calibration. Remote Sens, submitted."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reuter, D. (2014). The thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8: Design overview and pre-launch characterization. Remote Sens, submitted.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70101135"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2009.05.027","article-title":"QWIP-based thermal infrared sensor for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission","volume":"52","author":"Jhabvala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"United States Geological Survey. Available online: http:\/\/landsat.usgs.gov\/landsat8.php."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.69.12.1333","article-title":"Landsat coverage of the earth at high latitudes","volume":"69","author":"Bindschadler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"United States Geological Survey. Earth Explorer. Available online: http:\/\/earthexplorer.usgs.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"NASA (2012). Landsat Data Continuity Mission Thermal Infrared Sensor Requirements Document-Revision F1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2012). TIRS Flood Source Calibration Report, Space Dynamics Laboratory."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Spectral Response of the Thermal InfraRed Sensor. Available online: http:\/\/landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov\/?p=5698."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storey, J., Choate, M., and Moe, D. (2014). Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor geometric characterization and calibration. Remote Sens, submitted.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61111153"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1117\/12.559910","article-title":"Relative radiometric correction of Quickbird imagery using the sideslither technique on-orbit","volume":"5542","author":"Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2004.839092","article-title":"In-flight validation and recovery of water surface temperature with Landsat-5 thermal infrared data using an automated high-altitude lake validation site at Lake Tahoe","volume":"42","author":"Hook","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/9\/8803\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:16:06Z","timestamp":1760217366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/9\/8803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs6098803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs6098803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]}}}