{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:46:17Z","timestamp":1781181977266,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diatoms are the major marine primary producers on the global scale and, recently, several methods have been developed to retrieve their abundance or dominance from satellite remote sensing data. In this work, we highlight the importance of the Southern Ocean (SO) in developing a global algorithm for diatom using an Abundance Based Approach (ABA). A large global in situ data set of phytoplankton pigments was compiled, particularly with more samples collected in the SO. We revised the ABA to take account of the information on the penetration depth (Zpd) and to improve the relationship between diatoms and total chlorophyll-a (TChla). The results showed that there is a distinct relationship between diatoms and TChla in the SO, and a new global model (ABAZpd) improved the estimation of diatoms abundance by 28% in the SO compared with the original ABA model. In addition, we developed a regional model for the SO which further improved the retrieval of diatoms by 17% compared with the global ABAZpd model. As a result, we found that diatom may be more abundant in the SO than previously thought. Linear trend analysis of diatom abundance using the regional model for the SO showed that there are statistically significant trends, both increasing and decreasing, in diatom abundance over the past eleven years in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61010089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T11:01:56Z","timestamp":1413975716000},"page":"10089-10106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Global Retrieval of Diatom Abundance Based on Phytoplankton Pigments and Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Soppa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12,  D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan"},{"name":"CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, N10W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenner","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 12, D-35037 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Dinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12,  D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Peeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12,  D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Str., D-28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Wiegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12,  D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Bracher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12,  D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-8-311-2011","article-title":"Synoptic relationships between surface Chlorophyll-a and diagnostic pigments specific to phytoplankton functional types","volume":"8","author":"Hirata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010001","article-title":"Interannual variation in phytoplankton primary production at a global scale","volume":"6","author":"Rousseaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11229","article-title":"Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom","volume":"487","author":"Smetacek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08057","article-title":"The life of diatoms in the world\u2019s oceans","volume":"459","author":"Armbrust","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-4-149-2012","article-title":"A global diatom database\u2014Abundance, biovolume and biomass in the world ocean","volume":"4","author":"Leblanc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Earth Syst. 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