{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:54:29Z","timestamp":1773791669112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying two imaging payloads: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). The TIRS instrument employs a refractive telescope design that is opaque to visible wavelengths making prelaunch geometric characterization challenging. TIRS geometric calibration thus relied heavily on on-orbit measurements. Since the two Landsat 8 payloads are complementary and generate combined Level 1 data products, the TIRS geometric performance requirements emphasize the co-alignment of the OLI and TIRS instrument fields of view and the registration of the OLI reflective bands to the TIRS  long-wave infrared emissive bands. The TIRS on-orbit calibration procedures include measuring the TIRS-to-OLI alignment, refining the alignment of the three TIRS sensor chips, and ensuring the alignment of the two TIRS spectral bands. The two key TIRS performance metrics are the OLI reflective to TIRS emissive band registration accuracy, and the registration accuracy between the TIRS thermal bands. The on-orbit calibration campaign conducted during the commissioning period provided an accurate TIRS geometric model that enabled TIRS Level 1 data to meet all geometric accuracy requirements. Seasonal variations in TIRS-to-OLI alignment have led to several small calibration parameter adjustments since commissioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61111153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T08:59:22Z","timestamp":1415696362000},"page":"11153-11181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Geometric Characterization and Calibration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Storey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Choate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.08.026","article-title":"The next Landsat satellite: The Landsat data continuity mission","volume":"122","author":"Irons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10286","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110286","article-title":"Landsat-8 operational land imager design, characterization, and performance","volume":"6","author":"Knight","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storey, J., Choate, M., and Lee, K. (2014). Landsat-8 operational land imager on-orbit geometric calibration and performance. Remote Sens., in press.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61111127"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reuter, D., Richardson, C., Pellerano, F., Irons, J., Allen, R., Anderson, M., Jhabvala, M., Lunsford, A., Montanaro, M., and Smith, R. (2014). The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8: Design overview and pre-launch characterization. Remote Sens., under review.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70101135"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"NASA (2012). 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Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.849055","article-title":"ASTER geometric performance","volume":"43","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2004.836769","article-title":"Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"USGS (1998). Landsat 7 Image Assessment System (IAS) Geometric Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD)\u2014Version 1.0, U.S. Geological Survey."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/11\/11153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:09:10Z","timestamp":1760216950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/11\/11153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs61111153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs61111153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]}}}