{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:36:51Z","timestamp":1761917811303,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41401375","41230747","41331171","41231170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41401375","41230747","41331171","41231170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Post-doctoral Fund","award":["2014M550551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014M550551"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013CB733402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB733402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The radiometric performance of remotely-sensed images is important for the applications of such data in monitoring land surface, ocean and atmospheric status.  One requirement placed on the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboard Landsat 8 was that the noise-equivalent change in temperature (NE\u0394T) should be \u22640.4 K at 300 K for its two thermal infrared bands. In order to optimize the use of TIRS data, this study investigated the on-orbit NE\u0394T of the TIRS two bands from a scene-based method using clear-sky images over uniform ground surfaces, including lake, deep ocean, snow, desert and Gobi, as well as dense vegetation. Results showed that the NE\u0394Ts of the two bands were 0.051 and 0.06 K at 300 K, which exceeded the design specification by an order of magnitude. The effect of NE\u0394T on the land surface temperature (LST) retrieval using a split window algorithm was discussed, and the estimated NE\u0394T could contribute only 3.5% to the final LST error in theory, whereas the required NE\u0394T could contribute up to 26.4%. Low NE\u0394T could improve the application of TIRS images. However, efforts are needed in the future to remove the effects of unwanted stray light that appears in the current TIRS images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61212776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T10:50:22Z","timestamp":1418986222000},"page":"12776-12788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Radiometric Performance for the Thermal Infrared Sensor Onboard Landsat 8"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huazhong","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University,  Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University,  Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography,  Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiming","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University,  Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinjie","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University,  Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"ICube Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangjian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography,  Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.08.026","article-title":"The next Landsat satellite: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission","volume":"122","author":"Irons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.02.001","article-title":"Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research","volume":"145","author":"Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2013.812346","article-title":"The Landsat 8 is ready for geospatial science and technology researchers and practitioners","volume":"28","author":"Lulla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geocarto Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160010006971","article-title":"A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region","volume":"22","author":"Qin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.12.008","article-title":"Satellite-derived land surface temperature: Current status and perspectives","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5768","DOI":"10.3390\/s140405768","article-title":"Derivation of land surface temperature for Landsat-8 TIRS using a split window algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Rozenstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2312032","article-title":"Land surface temperature retrieval methods from Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor data","volume":"11","author":"Sobrino","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Ren, H., Du, C., Qin, Q., Liu, R., Meng, J., and Li, J. (2014, January 13\u201318). Atmospheric water vapor retrieval from Landsat 8 and its validation. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Quebec, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00266-8","article-title":"Estimate of noise and systematic error in early thermal infrared data of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)","volume":"80","author":"Wan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-006-0008-3","article-title":"An overview of MODIS radiometric calibration and characterization","volume":"23","author":"Xiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trishchenko, A.P., Fedosejevs, G., Li, Z., and Cihlar, J. (2002). Trends and uncertainties in thermal calibration of AVHRR radiometers onboard NOAA-9 to NOAA-16. J. Geophys. Res.","DOI":"10.4095\/219875"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00327-3","article-title":"Preliminary estimate of calibration of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer thermal infrared data using Lake Titicaca","volume":"80","author":"Wan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2012.728298","article-title":"Lake Qinghai: Chinese site for radiometric calibration of satellite infrared remote sensors","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sen. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"USGS Global Visualization Viewer. Available online: http:\/\/glovis.usgs.gov."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.5589\/m10-087","article-title":"Characterization of CRCS Dunhuang test site and vicarious calibration utilization for Fengyun (FY) series sensors","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Remote Sensing Technologies:Test Site Catalog. Available online: http:\/\/calval.cr.usgs.gov\/rst-resources\/sites_catalog\/radiometric-sites\/test-site-gallery."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00067-3","article-title":"NDWI-A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space","volume":"58","author":"Gao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.876029","article-title":"Development of the Aqua MODIS NDSI fractional snow cover algorithm and validation results","volume":"44","author":"Salomonson","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160304987","article-title":"Use of normalized difference built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from TM imagery","volume":"24","author":"Zha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Using the USGS Landsat 8 Product. Available online: http:\/\/landsat.usgs.gov\/Landsat8_Using_Product.php."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2247768","article-title":"Early on-orbit performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.01.007","article-title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","volume":"113","author":"Chander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Morfitt, R. Radiometric Performance of Landsat 8. Available online: https:\/\/calval.cr.usgs.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/14.007_JACIE_Morfitt_L8_Radiometric_performance.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Du, C., Ren, H., Qin, Q., Meng, J., and Li, J. (2014, January 13\u201318). Split-window algorithm for estimating land surface temperature from Landsat 8 TIRS data. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Quebec, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10435","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110435","article-title":"Stray light artifacts in imagery from the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","volume":"6","author":"Montanaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2003.818464","article-title":"Revised Landsat-5 TM radiometric calibration procedures and postcalibration dynamic ranges","volume":"41","author":"Chander","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/12\/12776\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:11:20Z","timestamp":1760217080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/6\/12\/12776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs61212776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs61212776","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]}}}