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To balance between computational efficiency and solution accuracy, a dividing and conquering algorithm (i.e., two levels of PS networking and solution) is proposed for extracting deformation rates of a study area. The algorithm has been tested using 40 high-resolution TerraSAR-X images collected between 2009 and 2010 over Tianjin in China for subsidence analysis, and validated by using the ground-based leveling measurements. The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical approach can remarkably reduce computing time and memory requirements, and the subsidence measurements derived from the hierarchical solution are in good agreement with the leveling data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70100211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T05:52:39Z","timestamp":1419573159000},"page":"211-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Hierarchical Approach to Persistent Scatterer Network Construction and Deformation Time Series Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1109\/36.868878","article-title":"Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry","volume":"38","author":"Ferretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898661","article-title":"Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry","volume":"39","author":"Ferretti","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.803792","article-title":"A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms","volume":"40","author":"Berardino","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2003.814657","article-title":"Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images","volume":"41","author":"Mora","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. 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